{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082605368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3427796.3427831","title":"Secure Conflict-free Replicated Data Types","display_name":"Secure Conflict-free Replicated Data Types","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082605368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3427796.3427831","mag":"3082605368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3427796.3427831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3427796.3427831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065970435","display_name":"Manuel Barbosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-5564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Barbosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP) and INESC TEC, PT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP) and INESC TEC, PT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055433914","display_name":"Bernardo Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-0968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lisbon (FCUL) and LASIGE, PT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lisbon (FCUL) and LASIGE, PT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060407591","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o C. Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-1149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-UNL) and NOVA LINCS, PT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-UNL) and NOVA LINCS, PT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033372576","display_name":"Bernardo Portela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-2621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Portela","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP) and NOVA LINCS, PT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP) and NOVA LINCS, PT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023370249","display_name":"Nuno Pregui\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno Pregui\u00e7a","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-UNL) and NOVA LINCS, PT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT-UNL) and NOVA LINCS, PT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065970435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13098473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"6","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8494886159896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosql","display_name":"NoSQL","score":0.6870405673980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eventual-consistency","display_name":"Eventual consistency","score":0.5919934511184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5563068389892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5045751333236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.5028080940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.49163371324539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.48371273279190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.48154550790786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.46319693326950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.43002066016197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-type","display_name":"Data type","score":0.41065794229507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36199796199798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.3533482551574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33401089906692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3308846950531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.10384368896484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09260338544845581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8494886159896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82231","display_name":"NoSQL","level":3,"score":0.6870405673980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34422012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6125872","display_name":"Eventual consistency","level":4,"score":0.5919934511184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5563068389892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5045751333236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.5028080940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.49163371324539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.48371273279190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.48154550790786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.46319693326950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.43002066016197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.41065794229507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36199796199798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.3533482551574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33401089906692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3308846950531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.10384368896484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09260338544845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3427796.3427831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3427796.3427831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3082605368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/iacr/iacr2020.html#BarbosaFMPP20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502927489","https://openalex.org/W1516319412","https://openalex.org/W1975637639","https://openalex.org/W2162460714","https://openalex.org/W2605875268","https://openalex.org/W2607481172","https://openalex.org/W2962931968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948219221","https://openalex.org/W3016067875","https://openalex.org/W3184631214","https://openalex.org/W2903336443","https://openalex.org/W2788555411","https://openalex.org/W2951138559","https://openalex.org/W2476146301","https://openalex.org/W2513496100","https://openalex.org/W2952480107","https://openalex.org/W2046654145","https://openalex.org/W2127428602","https://openalex.org/W2942537654","https://openalex.org/W1972296715","https://openalex.org/W2186526077","https://openalex.org/W2539212037","https://openalex.org/W1516700905","https://openalex.org/W2173725867","https://openalex.org/W2968771279","https://openalex.org/W2167219830","https://openalex.org/W179686306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conflict-free":[0],"Replicated":[1],"Data":[2],"Types":[3],"(CRDTs)":[4],"are":[5,96,168],"abstract":[6],"data":[7],"types":[8],"that":[9,40,80,110,139,159,166],"support":[10],"developers":[11],"when":[12,65],"designing":[13],"and":[14,60,63,104,128,130,164],"reasoning":[15],"about":[16],"distributed":[17,50,87],"systems":[18,51],"with":[19,34,107,124],"eventual":[20],"consistency":[21],"guarantees.":[22],"In":[23,71],"their":[24,112],"core":[25],"they":[26,167],"solve":[27],"the":[28,47,149,157],"problem":[29],"of":[30],"how":[31],"to":[32,84,114,170],"deal":[33],"concurrent":[35],"operations,":[36],"in":[37,46,133,173],"a":[38,135],"way":[39],"is":[41],"transparent":[42],"for":[43,142],"developers.":[44],"However":[45],"real":[48],"world,":[49],"also":[52],"suffer":[53],"from":[54],"other":[55],"relevant":[56],"problems,":[57],"including":[58,90],"security":[59,126],"privacy":[61],"issues":[62],"especially":[64],"participants":[66],"can":[67,81],"be":[68,82,115,171],"untrusted.":[69],"this":[72],"paper":[73],"we":[74],"present":[75],"new":[76],"privacy-preserving":[77],"CRDT":[78],"protocols":[79],"used":[83,172],"help":[85],"secure":[86],"cloud-backed":[88],"applications,":[89],"NoSQL":[91,137],"geo-replicated":[92,136],"databases.":[93],"Our":[94],"proposals":[95,123,162],"based":[97,147],"on":[98,117,148],"standard":[99],"CRDTs,":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102],"sets":[103],"counters,":[105],"augmented":[106],"cryptographic":[108],"mechanisms":[109],"allow":[111],"operations":[113],"performed":[116],"encrypted":[118],"data.":[119],"We":[120],"accompany":[121],"our":[122,160],"formal":[125],"proofs":[127],"implement":[129],"integrate":[131],"them":[132],"AntidoteDB,":[134],"database":[138],"leverages":[140],"CRDTs":[141],"its":[143],"operations.":[144],"Experimental":[145],"evaluations":[146],"Danish":[150],"Shared":[151],"Medication":[152],"Record":[153],"dataset":[154],"(FMK)":[155],"exhibit":[156],"tradeoffs":[158],"different":[161],"make":[163],"show":[165],"ready":[169],"practical":[174],"applications.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}