{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121061107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424671","title":"Recommending Statutes","display_name":"Recommending Statutes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121061107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424671","mag":"3121061107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3424671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101716126","display_name":"Yi Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053034433","display_name":"Chuanyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-8142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075214885","display_name":"Jidong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jidong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073104000","display_name":"Bin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102732054","display_name":"Vincent Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-429X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9616001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statute","display_name":"Statute","score":0.8969224691390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7748581767082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.65699702501297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6458996534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5574223399162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5475654602050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5361098647117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.48579955101013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.43514540791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.16604569554328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11480110883712769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.8969224691390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7748581767082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.65699702501297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6458996534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5574223399162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5475654602050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5361098647117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.48579955101013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.43514540791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16604569554328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11480110883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3424671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6607556526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6990173404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0800803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514533279","https://openalex.org/W1530679620","https://openalex.org/W1753402186","https://openalex.org/W1953606363","https://openalex.org/W1979482500","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2052684427","https://openalex.org/W2093229280","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2133820845","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2164386086","https://openalex.org/W2166912588","https://openalex.org/W2395585048","https://openalex.org/W2483327705","https://openalex.org/W2740833370","https://openalex.org/W2741172726","https://openalex.org/W2784528539","https://openalex.org/W2803068702","https://openalex.org/W2890026792","https://openalex.org/W2913195485","https://openalex.org/W2913529121","https://openalex.org/W2951587203","https://openalex.org/W2952406142","https://openalex.org/W2952831501","https://openalex.org/W2955845608","https://openalex.org/W2962964995","https://openalex.org/W2963823251","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2964727037","https://openalex.org/W2965809241","https://openalex.org/W2980808611","https://openalex.org/W3103181983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W3211292372","https://openalex.org/W803346624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Legal":[0],"judgment":[1,7],"prediction,":[2],"which":[3],"aims":[4],"at":[5],"predicting":[6],"results":[8,149],"such":[9],"as":[10,46,63,65],"penalty,":[11],"charges,":[12],"and":[13],"statutes":[14,36,133,161],"for":[15,37],"cases,":[16],"has":[17],"attracted":[18],"much":[19],"attention":[20,104],"recently.":[21],"In":[22,121],"this":[23,49],"article,":[24],"we":[25,51,123],"focus":[26,110],"on":[27,111,144],"building":[28],"a":[29,38,53,86,145],"recommender":[30],"system":[31],"to":[32,60,68,89,108,116,129,134,166],"predict":[33,160],"the":[34,41,44,96,100,112,117],"associated":[35,98],"case":[39,45],"given":[40],"facts":[42,97],"of":[43,81,93,119],"input.":[47],"For":[48],"purpose,":[50],"propose":[52],"two-step":[54],"neural":[55,83],"network-based":[56],"machine":[57],"learning":[58],"framework":[59],"assist":[61],"judges":[62],"well":[64],"ordinary":[66],"people":[67],"reduce":[69],"their":[70],"effort":[71],"in":[72,168],"finding":[73],"applicable":[74],"statutes.":[75,120],"The":[76],"proposed":[77],"model":[78,143],"takes":[79],"advantage":[80],"recurrent":[82],"networks":[84],"with":[85,99,153],"max-pooling":[87],"layer":[88],"obtain":[90],"contextual":[91],"representations":[92],"documents,":[94],"i.e.,":[95],"cases.":[101],"Moreover,":[102],"an":[103,125],"mechanism":[105],"is":[106],"used":[107],"automatically":[109],"important":[113],"words":[114],"contributing":[115],"prediction":[118],"addition,":[122],"apply":[124],"encoder--decoder":[126],"ranking":[127],"approach":[128],"extract":[130],"correlations":[131],"between":[132],"achieve":[135],"more":[136,164],"accurate":[137],"recommendation":[138],"results.":[139],"We":[140],"evaluate":[141],"our":[142,157],"real-world":[146],"dataset.":[147],"Experimental":[148],"show":[150],"that,":[151],"compared":[152],"existing":[154],"baseline":[155],"methods,":[156],"method":[158],"can":[159],"that":[162],"are":[163],"likely":[165],"appear":[167],"real":[169],"judgments.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}