{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122215046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424308","title":"Emoji-powered Sentiment and Emotion Detection from Software Developers\u2019 Communication Data","display_name":"Emoji-powered Sentiment and Emotion Detection from Software Developers\u2019 Communication Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122215046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424308","mag":"3122215046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3424308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031457464","display_name":"Zhenpeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenpeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110742019","display_name":"Yanbin Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078769405","display_name":"Huihan Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052404451","display_name":"Xuan L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854992","display_name":"Xin Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633784","display_name":"Hong Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-3976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052249316","display_name":"Xuanzhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-8484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanzhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of High-Confidence Software Technology, MoE (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98406461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emoji","display_name":"Emoji","score":0.9688066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8659509420394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.7874969840049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6933737993240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.5301652550697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.512153148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46389296650886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.461637943983078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.4547656178474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.3622354567050934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3246977925300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.30307736992836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779247141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049294","display_name":"Emoji","level":3,"score":0.9688066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8659509420394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.7874969840049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6933737993240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.5301652550697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.512153148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46389296650886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.461637943983078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.4547656178474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.3622354567050934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3246977925300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30307736992836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3424308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3424308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1035537899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1004800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2926064195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J1924032 and 61725201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1521503407","https://openalex.org/W1524281572","https://openalex.org/W1596515083","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1615991656","https://openalex.org/W1983175439","https://openalex.org/W1998470619","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2000471262","https://openalex.org/W2003653478","https://openalex.org/W2009682804","https://openalex.org/W2014412951","https://openalex.org/W2019608648","https://openalex.org/W2023736093","https://openalex.org/W2032959067","https://openalex.org/W2040900804","https://openalex.org/W2043223258","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2074975950","https://openalex.org/W2091235628","https://openalex.org/W2091376853","https://openalex.org/W2093238926","https://openalex.org/W2101746535","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2125886624","https://openalex.org/W2126574721","https://openalex.org/W2128837546","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2241862190","https://openalex.org/W2300884049","https://openalex.org/W2344762038","https://openalex.org/W2387719207","https://openalex.org/W2396100201","https://openalex.org/W2401939829","https://openalex.org/W2402365003","https://openalex.org/W2402806180","https://openalex.org/W2406986017","https://openalex.org/W2462290672","https://openalex.org/W2513139648","https://openalex.org/W2518630504","https://openalex.org/W2525863109","https://openalex.org/W2537027648","https://openalex.org/W2562439797","https://openalex.org/W2562607067","https://openalex.org/W2571312737","https://openalex.org/W2585378574","https://openalex.org/W2604873636","https://openalex.org/W2611739737","https://openalex.org/W2612649659","https://openalex.org/W2612769033","https://openalex.org/W2618735982","https://openalex.org/W2623177746","https://openalex.org/W2727177317","https://openalex.org/W2730161499","https://openalex.org/W2733078680","https://openalex.org/W2733560047","https://openalex.org/W2740582239","https://openalex.org/W2741705590","https://openalex.org/W2758755084","https://openalex.org/W2788440980","https://openalex.org/W2794373096","https://openalex.org/W2794607770","https://openalex.org/W2810414047","https://openalex.org/W2884229567","https://openalex.org/W2884491530","https://openalex.org/W2885610756","https://openalex.org/W2885935106","https://openalex.org/W2886486953","https://openalex.org/W2889346642","https://openalex.org/W2895547478","https://openalex.org/W2904793372","https://openalex.org/W2924088856","https://openalex.org/W2930858721","https://openalex.org/W2930957955","https://openalex.org/W2943750364","https://openalex.org/W2949785398","https://openalex.org/W2954149564","https://openalex.org/W2954384356","https://openalex.org/W2955199733","https://openalex.org/W2955709920","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962947218","https://openalex.org/W2963199188","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2964150337","https://openalex.org/W2964236337","https://openalex.org/W2966557925","https://openalex.org/W2966669073","https://openalex.org/W2967096374","https://openalex.org/W2968179027","https://openalex.org/W2968258769","https://openalex.org/W3000489089","https://openalex.org/W3004121134","https://openalex.org/W3098260236","https://openalex.org/W3098598077","https://openalex.org/W3100671091","https://openalex.org/W3101079689","https://openalex.org/W3104057366","https://openalex.org/W3105262041","https://openalex.org/W3105496546","https://openalex.org/W3105551542","https://openalex.org/W3106003309","https://openalex.org/W3124180615","https://openalex.org/W4233384665","https://openalex.org/W4239946314","https://openalex.org/W4245267204","https://openalex.org/W4247950230","https://openalex.org/W4249127983","https://openalex.org/W4256441345","https://openalex.org/W4297975679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770617756","https://openalex.org/W2888662092","https://openalex.org/W3205826705","https://openalex.org/W2903394456","https://openalex.org/W2902285665","https://openalex.org/W3119550360","https://openalex.org/W2975174210","https://openalex.org/W4200238620","https://openalex.org/W2244029015","https://openalex.org/W4385386330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sentiment":[0],"and":[1,32,53,68,106,113,150,239,245,301],"emotion":[2,114,246,302],"detection":[3,23,303],"from":[4,84,283],"textual":[5],"communication":[6],"records":[7],"of":[8,34,111,129,141,158,196,237,263,299,310],"developers":[9],"have":[10,119],"various":[11],"application":[12],"scenarios":[13],"in":[14,29,115,123,168,190,241,243,304],"software":[15],"engineering":[16],"(SE).":[17],"However,":[18,57],"commonly":[19],"used":[20],"off-the-shelf":[21],"sentiment/emotion":[22,214],"tools":[24],"cannot":[25],"obtain":[26],"reliable":[27],"results":[28],"SE":[30,305],"tasks":[31],"misunderstanding":[33],"technical":[35],"knowledge":[36,188,282],"is":[37],"demonstrated":[38],"to":[39,47,79,101,136,155,174,193,210,220,260,272,280],"be":[40,133],"the":[41,58,98,139,142,176,186,194,201,212,253,261,275,284,296],"main":[42],"reason.":[43],"Then":[44,198],"researchers":[45],"start":[46],"create":[48],"labeled":[49,60,144,208],"SE-related":[50,159],"datasets":[51],"manually":[52,143,207],"customize":[54],"SE-specific":[55],"methods.":[56],"scarce":[59],"data":[61,209],"can":[62,132,225],"cover":[63],"only":[64],"very":[65],"limited":[66],"lexicon":[67],"expressions.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71,81],"article,":[72],"we":[73,147,199,294],"employ":[74],"emojis":[75,92,118,154,166],"as":[76,204,206,291],"an":[77,234],"instrument":[78],"address":[80],"problem.":[82],"Different":[83],"manual":[85],"labels":[86,95],"that":[87,172,252],"are":[88,93,108,179],"provided":[89,96],"by":[90,97,313],"annotators,":[91],"self-reported":[94],"authors":[99],"themselves":[100],"intentionally":[102],"convey":[103],"affective":[104],"states":[105],"thus":[107],"suitable":[109],"indications":[110],"sentiment":[112,187,244,300],"texts.":[116,197],"Since":[117],"been":[120],"widely":[121],"adopted":[122],"online":[124],"communication,":[125],"a":[126,257,307],"large":[127],"amount":[128],"emoji-labeled":[130],"texts":[131,160,171,311],"easily":[134],"accessed":[135],"help":[137],"tackle":[138],"scarcity":[140],"data.":[145],"Specifically,":[146],"leverage":[148,200],"Tweets":[149,255],"GitHub":[151],"posts":[152],"containing":[153,167],"learn":[156,211],"representations":[157,195,203],"through":[161,287,306],"emoji":[162,178,191],"prediction.":[163],"By":[164],"predicting":[165],"each":[169],"text,":[170],"tend":[173],"surround":[175],"same":[177],"represented":[180],"with":[181,233],"similar":[182],"vectors,":[183],"which":[184],"transfers":[185],"contained":[189],"usage":[192],"sentiment-aware":[202],"well":[205],"final":[213],"classifier":[215],"via":[216],"transfer":[217],"learning.":[218],"Compared":[219],"existing":[221],"approaches,":[222],"our":[223,264,314],"approach":[224],"achieve":[226],"significant":[227],"improvement":[228],"on":[229],"representative":[230],"benchmark":[231],"datasets,":[232],"average":[235],"increase":[236],"0.036":[238],"0.049":[240],"macro-F1":[242],"detection,":[247],"respectively.":[248],"Further":[249],"investigations":[250],"reveal":[251],"large-scale":[254],"make":[256],"key":[258],"contribution":[259],"power":[262],"approach.":[265,315],"This":[266],"finding":[267],"informs":[268],"future":[269],"research":[270],"not":[271],"unilaterally":[273],"pursue":[274],"domain-specific":[276],"resource":[277],"but":[278],"try":[279],"transform":[281],"open":[285,297],"domain":[286],"ubiquitous":[288],"signals":[289],"such":[290],"emojis.":[292],"Finally,":[293],"present":[295],"challenges":[298],"qualitative":[308],"analysis":[309],"misclassified":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}