{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138566672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422575.3422786","title":"An Energy Efficient 3D-Heterogeneous Main Memory Architecture for Mobile Devices","display_name":"An Energy Efficient 3D-Heterogeneous Main Memory Architecture for Mobile Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138566672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422575.3422786","mag":"3138566672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3422575.3422786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422575.3422786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013706098","display_name":"Deepak M. Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-0169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepak M. Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080258875","display_name":"Felipe S. Prado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe S. Prado","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031403489","display_name":"\u00c9der F. Zulian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c9der F. Zulian","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090870819","display_name":"Christian Weis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-0200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Weis","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057376276","display_name":"Muhammad Mohsin Ghaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3769-8808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mohsin Ghaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010135168","display_name":"Matthias Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IESE Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IESE Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059285190","display_name":"Norbert Wehn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-086X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Wehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013706098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46802903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"114","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7291731834411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5957330465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5370482802391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.47092145681381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41856369376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.41842979192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.358362078666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1873595416545868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12604081630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11607241630554199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7291731834411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5957330465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5370482802391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.47092145681381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41856369376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.41842979192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.358362078666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1873595416545868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12604081630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11607241630554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3422575.3422786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422575.3422786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-635542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-635542.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IESE","raw_type":"conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/411303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/411303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4153327738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"732631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333069","funder_display_name":"Fourth Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7567393656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WE 2442/14-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333069","display_name":"Fourth Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35708471","https://openalex.org/W1191365092","https://openalex.org/W1532031741","https://openalex.org/W1904074428","https://openalex.org/W1969908552","https://openalex.org/W1988257143","https://openalex.org/W1994717635","https://openalex.org/W1995969856","https://openalex.org/W2004823737","https://openalex.org/W2022510519","https://openalex.org/W2040681711","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2072753794","https://openalex.org/W2083505918","https://openalex.org/W2104305170","https://openalex.org/W2147539449","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2148797773","https://openalex.org/W2162968317","https://openalex.org/W2193198328","https://openalex.org/W2340076492","https://openalex.org/W2433248078","https://openalex.org/W2523857797","https://openalex.org/W2555826082","https://openalex.org/W2558302290","https://openalex.org/W2751894540","https://openalex.org/W2780284891","https://openalex.org/W2785635988","https://openalex.org/W2790546557","https://openalex.org/W2880869856","https://openalex.org/W2883338591","https://openalex.org/W2895764835","https://openalex.org/W2900749507","https://openalex.org/W2907909057","https://openalex.org/W2914237701","https://openalex.org/W2915654079","https://openalex.org/W2944687873","https://openalex.org/W2969116217","https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W3006044259","https://openalex.org/W3022884336","https://openalex.org/W4231312101","https://openalex.org/W4234346842","https://openalex.org/W4253600620","https://openalex.org/W4365799799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383828164","https://openalex.org/W396164270","https://openalex.org/W1991928096","https://openalex.org/W1577085395","https://openalex.org/W1591122270","https://openalex.org/W412513142","https://openalex.org/W2316299058","https://openalex.org/W51181788","https://openalex.org/W2183724207","https://openalex.org/W2160058185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"demand":[1],"for":[2,140,207],"main":[3,27,85,112,233],"memory":[4,28,113,124,171,205,221],"capacity":[5,125],"is":[6],"ever":[7],"increasing":[8],"in":[9,34,43,156,227],"mobile":[10,129,150],"devices":[11],"and":[12,45,67,92,96,118,164,173,181,197],"embedded":[13],"systems.":[14],"Dynamic":[15],"Random":[16,58],"Access":[17,59],"Memories":[18,54,60],"(DRAMs)":[19],"can":[20,121],"not":[21,77],"keep":[22],"pace":[23],"with":[24,229],"the":[25,32,36,41,46,84,104,123,133,137,166,179,189,210,219],"required":[26],"capacities":[29],"because":[30],"of":[31,106,116,127,136,168,184],"restrictions":[33],"improving":[35],"cell":[37],"density":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,79,88,224],"slowdown":[42],"scaling":[44,65],"high":[47,64],"leakage":[48,70],"power":[49,71,201],"consumption.":[50],"Contrary,":[51],"emerging":[52,145],"Non-Volatile":[53],"(NVMs),":[55],"primarily":[56],"Resistive":[57],"(RRAMs),":[61],"offer":[62],"a":[63,107,203,214,230],"potential":[66],"consume":[68],"less":[69],"than":[72,202],"DRAMs.":[73],"However,":[74],"they":[75],"are":[76],"suitable":[78],"completely":[80],"replace":[81],"DRAMs":[82,117],"as":[83],"memory,":[86],"owing":[87],"their":[89],"large":[90],"read":[91],"write":[93],"access":[94],"latencies":[95],"limited":[97],"endurance.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"present":[103],"architecture":[105,139,192,206],"novel":[108],"heterogeneous":[109],"3D-stacked":[110],"on-chip":[111],"system":[114],"composed":[115],"RRAMs":[119],"that":[120],"fulfill":[122],"demands":[126],"future":[128],"devices.":[130],"We":[131,162],"evaluate":[132],"energy":[134,180,196,226],"savings":[135],"new":[138,190],"several":[141],"applications,":[142],"including":[143],"some":[144],"machine":[146],"learning":[147],"tasks":[148],"on":[149,177],"devices,":[151],"by":[152],"conducting":[153],"system-level":[154],"simulations":[155],"gem5":[157],"using":[158],"ARM":[159],"CPU":[160],"models.":[161],"explore":[163],"analyze":[165],"impacts":[167],"different":[169],"hybrid":[170],"organizations":[172],"data":[174],"allocation":[175],"policies":[176],"reducing":[178],"total":[182],"number":[183],"RRAM":[185],"writes.":[186],"On":[187],"average,":[188],"3D-hybrid":[191,220],"consumes":[193],"73%":[194],"lesser":[195],"61%":[198],"lower":[199],"average":[200],"2D-Hybrid":[204],"applications":[208],"from":[209],"PARSEC":[211],"benchmark.":[212],"For":[213],"neural":[215],"network":[216],"training":[217],"application,":[218],"saves":[222],"up":[223],"60%":[225],"comparison":[228],"DDR4":[231],"DRAM-only":[232],"memory.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}