{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115806781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422392.3422439","title":"On the Relation between Complexity, Explicitness, Effectiveness of Refactorings and Non-Functional Concerns","display_name":"On the Relation between Complexity, Explicitness, Effectiveness of Refactorings and Non-Functional Concerns","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115806781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422392.3422439","mag":"3115806781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3422392.3422439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422392.3422439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the XXXIV Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108937764","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius Soares","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vin\u00edcius Soares","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041090227","display_name":"Anderson Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051931293","display_name":"Juliana Alves Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-2829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliana Alves Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064133599","display_name":"Ana Carla Bibano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Carla Bibano","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007792821","display_name":"Alessandro Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057210195","display_name":"Paulo Roberto Farah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-7611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164790352","display_name":"Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/03ztsbk67","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164790352"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Roberto Farah","raw_affiliation_strings":["DInf-UFPR, Paran\u00e1, Brazil and UDESC, Santa Catarina, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DInf-UFPR, Paran\u00e1, Brazil and UDESC, Santa Catarina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164790352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032393345","display_name":"S\u00edlvia Regina Verg\u00edlio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-6266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Regina Vergilio","raw_affiliation_strings":["DInf-UFPR, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DInf-UFPR, Paran\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068689787","display_name":"Marcelo Schots","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-4637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40034438","display_name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/0198v2949","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Schots","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019098124","display_name":"Caio Frederico e Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-1841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caio Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079478848","display_name":"Daniel Coutinho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-2458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Coutinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086014975","display_name":"Daniel Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083872302","display_name":"Anderson Uch\u00f4a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-5569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Uch\u00f4a","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9082543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"788","last_page":"797"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.978386402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.9255287647247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.686085045337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6268885135650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5500815510749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5414765477180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.46504393219947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2688981294631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16985857486724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12872016429901123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.978386402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.9255287647247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.686085045337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6268885135650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5500815510749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5414765477180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.46504393219947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2688981294631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16985857486724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12872016429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3422392.3422439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422392.3422439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the XXXIV Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524601730","https://openalex.org/W1965716942","https://openalex.org/W2024527596","https://openalex.org/W2060736388","https://openalex.org/W2074476807","https://openalex.org/W2086186328","https://openalex.org/W2113157806","https://openalex.org/W2150230300","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2159725273","https://openalex.org/W2245350346","https://openalex.org/W2322452939","https://openalex.org/W2604256784","https://openalex.org/W2622918375","https://openalex.org/W2724793896","https://openalex.org/W2754638064","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W2795027827","https://openalex.org/W2954560898","https://openalex.org/W2956077811","https://openalex.org/W2960587195","https://openalex.org/W2980897813","https://openalex.org/W3027212681","https://openalex.org/W3085541756","https://openalex.org/W3089663604","https://openalex.org/W3151395068","https://openalex.org/W4229853360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313549863","https://openalex.org/W2146134503","https://openalex.org/W4367397452","https://openalex.org/W2026866620","https://openalex.org/W2512989791","https://openalex.org/W1979226027","https://openalex.org/W4242595390","https://openalex.org/W2053711782","https://openalex.org/W2111260823","https://openalex.org/W2977365783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"need":[1],"to":[2,12,26,155,170],"consistently":[3],"improve":[4,27,171],"the":[5,23,80,88,126,133,172],"internal":[6,49],"structural":[7,82,135,162],"quality":[8],"of":[9,69,95,174],"a":[10,76,157,191],"program":[11],"address":[13],"its":[14,44,58],"maintainability":[15],"and":[16,37,61,73,93,97,112,144,177,180],"possibly":[17],"other":[18],"non-functional":[19,98,106,145],"concerns.":[20],"Refactoring":[21],"is":[22],"main":[24],"practice":[25],"code":[28,50,81,127,134,161,195],"quality.":[29,83,136,163,196],"Typical":[30],"refactoring":[31],"factors,":[32],"such":[33,52,71],"as":[34,53],"their":[35,40,187],"complexity":[36,60],"explicitness":[38,92],"(i.e.,":[39],"self-affirmation),":[41],"may":[42,189],"influence":[43],"effectiveness":[45,94],"in":[46,100],"improving":[47,79,130],"key":[48],"attributes,":[51],"enhancing":[54],"cohesion":[55],"or":[56,131],"reducing":[57,132],"coupling,":[59],"size.":[62],"However,":[63],"we":[64],"still":[65],"lack":[66],"an":[67,122],"understanding":[68],"whether":[70],"concerns":[72,99,146],"factors":[74],"play":[75],"role":[77],"on":[78,125,160,184,194],"Thus,":[84],"this":[85],"paper":[86],"investigates":[87],"relationship":[89],"between":[90],"complexity,":[91],"refactorings":[96,119,143,188],"four":[101,105],"projects.":[102],"We":[103,137],"study":[104],"concerns,":[107],"namely":[108],"maintainability,":[109],"security,":[110],"performance,":[111],"robustness.":[113],"Our":[114,164],"findings":[115,165],"reveal":[116],"that":[117,140],"complex":[118,151],"indeed":[120],"have":[121,156],"impactful":[123],"effect":[124,159],"structure,":[128],"either":[129],"also":[138],"found":[139],"both":[141],"self-affirmed":[142],"are":[147],"usually":[148],"accompanied":[149],"by":[150],"refactorings,":[152],"but":[153],"tend":[154],"negative":[158,192],"can:":[166],"(i)":[167],"help":[168],"researchers":[169],"design":[173],"empirical":[175],"studies":[176],"refactoring-related":[178],"tools,":[179],"(ii)":[181],"warn":[182],"practitioners":[183],"which":[185],"circumstances":[186],"cause":[190],"impact":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}