{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159007080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422389","title":"Transitioning Spiking Neural Network Simulators to Heterogeneous Hardware","display_name":"Transitioning Spiking Neural Network Simulators to Heterogeneous Hardware","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159007080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422389","mag":"3159007080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3422389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38703467","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","issn_l":"1049-3301","issn":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045932528","display_name":"Quang Anh Pham Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quang Anh Pham Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM Create Ltd. and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM Create Ltd. and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042423448","display_name":"Philipp Andelfinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-7136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Andelfinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM Create Ltd. and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM Create Ltd. and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080332038","display_name":"Wen Jun Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Jun Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM Create Ltd. and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM Create Ltd. and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036580072","display_name":"Wentong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-3835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063781430","display_name":"Alois Knoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alois Knoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Techn. Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Techn. Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045932528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48921926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8758330941200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porting","display_name":"Porting","score":0.7748942971229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.6989580988883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.49738743901252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4749436676502228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4644849896430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.435712069272995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.42474284768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34755849838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.28764140605926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2494315505027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.22825878858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20489054918289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.19756779074668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09807947278022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08976203203201294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8758330941200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.7748942971229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.6989580988883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.49738743901252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4749436676502228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4644849896430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.435712069272995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.42474284768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34755849838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28764140605926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2494315505027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.22825878858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20489054918289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.19756779074668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09807947278022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08976203203201294}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3422389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3422389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38703467","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","issn_l":"1049-3301","issn":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515448847","https://openalex.org/W1582051163","https://openalex.org/W1925684990","https://openalex.org/W1966084915","https://openalex.org/W1971467396","https://openalex.org/W1992962224","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2010315297","https://openalex.org/W2011642956","https://openalex.org/W2017710077","https://openalex.org/W2025835468","https://openalex.org/W2031132539","https://openalex.org/W2038511109","https://openalex.org/W2065125569","https://openalex.org/W2073813638","https://openalex.org/W2075745057","https://openalex.org/W2077143534","https://openalex.org/W2086738738","https://openalex.org/W2087861759","https://openalex.org/W2090177156","https://openalex.org/W2097018235","https://openalex.org/W2106821446","https://openalex.org/W2117120818","https://openalex.org/W2147762963","https://openalex.org/W2154439184","https://openalex.org/W2154968583","https://openalex.org/W2260499435","https://openalex.org/W2616776834","https://openalex.org/W2733178697","https://openalex.org/W2788296660","https://openalex.org/W2807894615","https://openalex.org/W2885840893","https://openalex.org/W2886586898","https://openalex.org/W2917483491","https://openalex.org/W3004557030","https://openalex.org/W3033608378","https://openalex.org/W3111157406","https://openalex.org/W3136238860","https://openalex.org/W4240215657","https://openalex.org/W4243560592","https://openalex.org/W4254300870","https://openalex.org/W4365806335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356602486","https://openalex.org/W2717174904","https://openalex.org/W2548545698","https://openalex.org/W2361518098","https://openalex.org/W2092936829","https://openalex.org/W2265963950","https://openalex.org/W2357149307","https://openalex.org/W2473478803","https://openalex.org/W2729363167","https://openalex.org/W2060611139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(SNN)":[3],"are":[4],"among":[5],"the":[6,18,43,52,57,71,110,157,171,185,198,234,239],"most":[7,44],"computationally":[8],"intensive":[9,29],"types":[10],"of":[11,20,42,59,93,142,146,200],"simulation":[12],"models,":[13],"with":[14,87,120,208],"node":[15],"counts":[16],"on":[17,51,54,63,112,139,180],"order":[19],"up":[21],"to":[22,35,69,83,108,124,133,170,184,219,231,237],"10":[23],"11":[24],".":[25],"Currently,":[26],"there":[27],"is":[28,161,211,229],"research":[30],"into":[31],"hardware":[32,65,73,114,182],"platforms":[33],"suitable":[34],"support":[36],"large-scale":[37],"SNN":[38,106,154],"simulations,":[39],"whereas":[40,156],"several":[41],"widely":[45],"used":[46],"simulators":[47,62,107],"still":[48,80],"rely":[49],"purely":[50],"execution":[53,58,111],"CPUs.":[55],"Enabling":[56],"these":[60],"established":[61],"heterogeneous":[64,113,181,240],"allows":[66],"new":[67],"studies":[68],"exploit":[70],"many-core":[72],"prevalent":[74],"in":[75,152],"modern":[76],"supercomputing":[77],"environments,":[78],"while":[79],"being":[81],"able":[82],"reproduce":[84],"and":[85,118,130,163,175],"compare":[86],"results":[88],"from":[89],"a":[90,101,143,177,194],"vast":[91],"body":[92],"existing":[94,126],"literature.":[95],"In":[96],"this":[97],"article,":[98],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"transition":[102],"approach":[103,137,169],"for":[104],"CPU-based":[105],"enable":[109],"(e.g.,":[115],"CPUs,":[116],"GPUs,":[117],"FPGAs),":[119],"only":[121],"limited":[122],"modifications":[123],"an":[125,225],"simulator":[127,148,173],"code":[128,160],"base":[129],"without":[131],"changes":[132],"model":[134,159,228],"code.":[135],"Our":[136,187],"relies":[138],"manual":[140],"porting":[141],"small":[144],"number":[145],"core":[147],"functionalities":[149],"as":[150],"found":[151],"common":[153],"simulators,":[155],"unmodified":[158],"analyzed":[162],"transformed":[164],"automatically.":[165],"We":[166],"apply":[167],"our":[168],"well-known":[172],"NEST":[174],"make":[176],"version":[178],"executable":[179],"available":[183],"community.":[186],"measurements":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190],"at":[191],"full":[192],"utilization,":[193],"single":[195],"GPU":[196],"achieves":[197],"performance":[199,217,227],"about":[201],"9":[202],"CPU":[203],"cores.":[204],"A":[205],"CPU-GPU":[206],"co-execution":[207],"load":[209],"balancing":[210],"also":[212],"demonstrated,":[213],"which":[214],"shows":[215],"better":[216],"compared":[218],"CPU-only":[220],"or":[221],"GPU-only":[222],"execution.":[223],"Finally,":[224],"analytical":[226],"proposed":[230],"heuristically":[232],"determine":[233],"optimal":[235],"parameters":[236],"execute":[238],"NEST.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
