{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092347203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3421537.3421544","title":"Predicting Emission Costs for Urban Transportation in Smart Cities using Machine Learning Models","display_name":"Predicting Emission Costs for Urban Transportation in Smart Cities using Machine Learning Models","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092347203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3421537.3421544","mag":"3092347203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3421537.3421544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3421537.3421544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076055152","display_name":"Vikash Sathiamoorthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vikash Sathiamoorthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080199414","display_name":"Eda K\u00f6ksal Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eda Koksal Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070594442","display_name":"Bharadwaj Veeravalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-1813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharadwaj Veeravalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103063766","display_name":"Zengxiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zengxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076055152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1275104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"74","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5513927936553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5227232575416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5139272212982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.464969664812088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.455373615026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.44197404384613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-area","display_name":"Urban area","score":0.4316253662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41499680280685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3336229920387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31448090076446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23006656765937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economy","display_name":"Economy","score":0.11713343858718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09686475992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.07945215702056885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5513927936553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5227232575416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5139272212982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.464969664812088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.455373615026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.44197404384613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban area","level":2,"score":0.4316253662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41499680280685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3336229920387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31448090076446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23006656765937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.11713343858718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09686475992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.07945215702056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3421537.3421544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3421537.3421544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83801381","https://openalex.org/W2004110412","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2083907861","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2409483074","https://openalex.org/W2582765108","https://openalex.org/W2612467763","https://openalex.org/W2736924140","https://openalex.org/W2738232743","https://openalex.org/W2765467597","https://openalex.org/W2792047499","https://openalex.org/W2794264291","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028344104","https://openalex.org/W654859680","https://openalex.org/W565486471","https://openalex.org/W1967081368","https://openalex.org/W4283272306","https://openalex.org/W2322148975","https://openalex.org/W814992979","https://openalex.org/W891337437","https://openalex.org/W4376108567","https://openalex.org/W4292377315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Singapore":[0,59],"ratified":[1],"the":[2,10,16,23,26,38,47,56,79,97,101,107,143,148,158,179,183],"Paris":[3],"Agreement":[4],"on":[5,61,93],"September":[6],"21,":[7],"2016,":[8],"and":[9,31,52,112,135,171],"unconditional":[11],"target":[12],"by":[13,20,106],"2030":[14],"is":[15,44,121,186,191],"reduction":[17],"of":[18,29,37,46,55,90,100,114,125,147,153,160,182],"emission":[19,89,126,145,161],"36%.":[21],"Furthermore,":[22],"cities":[24,51,70],"are":[25,71,83,139,174],"major":[27],"source":[28],"emission,":[30],"transportation":[32,63,81],"accounts":[33],"for":[34,50,123],"about":[35],"14%":[36],"total":[39,103,144],"emissions":[40],"in":[41,58,150],"Singapore.":[42,154],"Transportation":[43],"one":[45],"necessary":[48],"infrastructures":[49],"over":[53],"80%":[54],"population":[57],"depends":[60,92],"public":[62],"systems.":[64],"To":[65],"significantly":[66],"cut":[67],"emissions,":[68],"smart":[69],"expected":[72],"to":[73,85,141],"play":[74],"an":[75,151],"essential":[76],"role,":[77],"therefore":[78],"conventional":[80],"systems":[82],"transforming":[84],"be":[86],"intelligent.":[87],"The":[88],"vehicles":[91],"various":[94],"factors":[95],"like":[96],"average":[98],"speed":[99],"vehicle,":[102,108],"distance":[104],"covered":[105],"urban":[109],"driving":[110],"conditions,":[111],"type":[113],"vehicle.":[115],"In":[116,155],"this":[117,156],"research,":[118],"COPERT":[119],"model":[120,185],"used":[122],"calculation":[124],"cost":[127,146,162],"after":[128],"extracting":[129],"features":[130],"from":[131],"real-world":[132],"GPS":[133],"datasets,":[134],"machine":[136],"learning":[137],"models":[138],"built":[140],"predict":[142],"buses":[149],"area":[152],"study,":[157],"performance":[159],"estimation":[163],"using":[164],"three":[165],"modeling":[166],"techniques,":[167],"namely":[168],"MLP,":[169],"RF,":[170],"Light":[172,189],"GBM":[173,190],"compared.":[175],"Results":[176],"prove":[177],"that":[178],"prediction":[180],"accuracy":[181],"proposed":[184],"97%":[187],"when":[188],"implemented.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}