{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095841401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3419111.3421287","title":"Serverless linear algebra","display_name":"Serverless linear algebra","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095841401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3419111.3421287","mag":"3095841401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3419111.3421287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3419111.3421287","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3419111.3421287","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3419111.3421287","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112327867","display_name":"Vaishaal Shankar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vaishaal Shankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038920548","display_name":"Karl Krauth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-9813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Krauth","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044367578","display_name":"Kailas Vodrahalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9849-3055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kailas Vodrahalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035348123","display_name":"Qifan Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifan Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012870568","display_name":"Benjamin Recht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-593X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Recht","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041920173","display_name":"Ion Stoica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ion Stoica","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023577472","display_name":"Jonathan Ragan\u2010Kelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9543"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Ragan-Kelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002781291","display_name":"Eric Jonas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-3450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Jonas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082710354","display_name":"Shivaram Venkataraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9575-7935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivaram Venkataraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112327867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.5483,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99115835,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"281","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesky-decomposition","display_name":"Cholesky decomposition","score":0.907371997833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-algebra","display_name":"Linear algebra","score":0.8461481332778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7562212944030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.5768492817878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5441280007362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5391228199005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.4784141480922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.47730743885040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-map","display_name":"Linear map","score":0.46556663513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qr-decomposition","display_name":"QR decomposition","score":0.44589686393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.42956772446632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3358467221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2621973156929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19704928994178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13854998350143433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34727166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515375","display_name":"Cholesky decomposition","level":3,"score":0.907371997833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139352143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82571","display_name":"Linear algebra","level":2,"score":0.8461481332778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7562212944030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.5768492817878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5441280007362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5391228199005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.4784141480922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.47730743885040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49766605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207643","display_name":"Linear map","level":2,"score":0.46556663513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188060507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653242","display_name":"QR decomposition","level":3,"score":0.44589686393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.42956772446632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3358467221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2621973156929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19704928994178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13854998350143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3419111.3421287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3419111.3421287","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3419111.3421287","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3419111.3421287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3419111.3421287","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3419111.3421287","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095841401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095841401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133977063","https://openalex.org/W410850256","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1939822385","https://openalex.org/W1983096721","https://openalex.org/W2032391783","https://openalex.org/W2093529653","https://openalex.org/W2100830825","https://openalex.org/W2102291960","https://openalex.org/W2104373803","https://openalex.org/W2111221242","https://openalex.org/W2115743854","https://openalex.org/W2122747952","https://openalex.org/W2153657167","https://openalex.org/W2153820245","https://openalex.org/W2157237396","https://openalex.org/W2168612748","https://openalex.org/W2547190417","https://openalex.org/W2577489668","https://openalex.org/W2591324491","https://openalex.org/W2604025065","https://openalex.org/W2610702627","https://openalex.org/W2990714382","https://openalex.org/W3100417409","https://openalex.org/W3103849684","https://openalex.org/W4243585190","https://openalex.org/W4249982028","https://openalex.org/W4251637954","https://openalex.org/W6614148910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982181895","https://openalex.org/W2739115385","https://openalex.org/W2035803264","https://openalex.org/W3007862902","https://openalex.org/W3035209767","https://openalex.org/W2039527536","https://openalex.org/W4306891336","https://openalex.org/W2143705817","https://openalex.org/W160834089","https://openalex.org/W2112488134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Datacenter":[0],"disaggregation":[1],"provides":[2],"numerous":[3],"benefits":[4,54],"to":[5,20,133],"both":[6],"the":[7,11,17,37,42],"datacenter":[8,45],"operator":[9],"and":[10,77,112,130],"application":[12,50],"designer.":[13],"However":[14],"switching":[15],"from":[16,36,55],"server-centric":[18,57,127],"model":[19,23],"a":[21,65,72,79,97,121],"disaggregated":[22,73],"requires":[24],"developing":[25],"new":[26],"programming":[27,75],"abstractions":[28],"that":[29,52],"can":[30],"achieve":[31],"high":[32],"performance":[33,116],"while":[34,140],"benefiting":[35],"greater":[38,135],"elasticity.":[39],"To":[40],"explore":[41],"limits":[43],"of":[44,87,99,123,125],"disaggregation,":[46],"we":[47],"study":[48],"an":[49],"area":[51],"near-maximally":[53],"current":[56],"datacenters:":[58],"dense":[59],"linear":[60,68,90,100],"algebra.":[61],"We":[62,93],"build":[63],"NumPyWren,":[64],"system":[66],"for":[67,84,96],"algebra":[69,91,101],"built":[70],"on":[71],"serverless":[74,85],"model,":[76],"LAmbdaPACK,":[78],"companion":[80],"domain-specific":[81],"language":[82],"designed":[83],"execution":[86],"highly":[88],"parallel":[89],"algorithms.":[92],"show":[94],"that,":[95],"number":[98],"algorithms":[102],"such":[103],"as":[104],"matrix":[105],"multiply,":[106],"singular":[107],"value":[108],"decomposition,":[109,111,114],"Cholesky":[110],"QR":[113],"NumPyWren's":[115],"(completion":[117],"time)":[118],"is":[119],"within":[120],"factor":[122],"2":[124],"optimized":[126],"MPI":[128],"implementations,":[129],"has":[131],"up":[132],"15%":[134],"compute":[136],"efficiency":[137],"(total":[138],"CPU-hours),":[139],"providing":[141],"fault":[142],"tolerance.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}