{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112151185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414997","title":"Large-scale Debloating of Binary Shared Libraries","display_name":"Large-scale Debloating of Binary Shared Libraries","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112151185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414997","mag":"3112151185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414997","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414997","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039512789","display_name":"Ioannis Agadakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Agadakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067184055","display_name":"Nicholas DeMarinis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Demarinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015192023","display_name":"Di Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-6964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080561584","display_name":"Kent Williams-King","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kent Williams-King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015753973","display_name":"Jearson Alfajardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jearson Alfajardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064573081","display_name":"Benjamin Shteinfeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Shteinfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083516369","display_name":"David Williams-King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-4094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Williams-King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006944216","display_name":"Vasileios P. Kemerlis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-437X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios P. Kemerlis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045292308","display_name":"Georgios Portokalidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-803X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Portokalidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1878,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79741379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7436437010765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6332366466522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.619911789894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.5417879223823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5215113759040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.47855621576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.473407119512558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.4619242548942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4559188485145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43294772505760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.41904258728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4177197813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.4123237729072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.39498990774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2897254228591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1050315797328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07987087965011597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7436437010765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6332366466522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.619911789894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.5417879223823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5215113759040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.47855621576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.473407119512558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.4619242548942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4559188485145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43294772505760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.41904258728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4177197813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.4123237729072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.39498990774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2897254228591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1050315797328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07987087965011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414997","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414997","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4504108201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5465661108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1-2788 N00014-16-1-2261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338399","funder_display_name":"Office of Academic Research, U.S. Naval Academy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5586463276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-2261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5847763828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001118C0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338399","display_name":"Office of Academic Research, U.S. Naval Academy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112151185.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112151185.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538332098","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1982778414","https://openalex.org/W1993682390","https://openalex.org/W1994742583","https://openalex.org/W1996931407","https://openalex.org/W2022292029","https://openalex.org/W2030201312","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2055084740","https://openalex.org/W2062494014","https://openalex.org/W2072102701","https://openalex.org/W2080313875","https://openalex.org/W2085040115","https://openalex.org/W2088628452","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2109427294","https://openalex.org/W2113864883","https://openalex.org/W2117798902","https://openalex.org/W2118246192","https://openalex.org/W2119746900","https://openalex.org/W2121217767","https://openalex.org/W2128133205","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2170224888","https://openalex.org/W2232321456","https://openalex.org/W2293825325","https://openalex.org/W2296383737","https://openalex.org/W2341864083","https://openalex.org/W2523221082","https://openalex.org/W2549548403","https://openalex.org/W2794859654","https://openalex.org/W2888445849","https://openalex.org/W2891688103","https://openalex.org/W2903017094","https://openalex.org/W2921892740","https://openalex.org/W2985879431","https://openalex.org/W2991211322","https://openalex.org/W2991611768","https://openalex.org/W3005142042","https://openalex.org/W3012221736","https://openalex.org/W3023860284","https://openalex.org/W3128630920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W941489959","https://openalex.org/W4254787146","https://openalex.org/W4247737992","https://openalex.org/W2390939225","https://openalex.org/W1569451733","https://openalex.org/W2133782309","https://openalex.org/W2090725448","https://openalex.org/W2560490008","https://openalex.org/W3154275865","https://openalex.org/W3153038201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"nowadays":[1],"have":[2],"access":[3],"to":[4,154],"an":[5,17],"arsenal":[6],"of":[7,24,126,135,141,174,206,238,253],"toolkits":[8],"and":[9,74,91,110,122,138,147,156,189,197,215,227],"libraries":[10,137,232],"for":[11,144,179],"rapid":[12],"application":[13,18],"prototyping.":[14],"However,":[15],"when":[16],"loads":[19],"a":[20,38,87,124,175],"library,":[21],"the":[22,31,62,77,133,139,148,172,204,235,239],"entirety":[23],"that":[25,49,89,162],"library\u2019s":[26],"code":[27,108,262],"is":[28,41,47,72],"mapped":[29],"into":[30],"process":[32],"address":[33],"space,":[34],"even":[35],"if":[36],"only":[37],"single":[39],"function":[40],"actually":[42],"needed.":[43],"The":[44],"unused":[45,93],"portion":[46],"bloat":[48,263],"can":[50],"negatively":[51],"impact":[52],"software":[53],"defenses":[54,104,165],"by":[55,152,166,183,187,202,213],"unnecessarily":[56],"inflating":[57],"their":[58],"overhead":[59],"or":[60],"increasing":[61,184],"attack":[63],"surface.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,81],"article,":[67],"we":[68,83,220],"investigate":[69],"whether":[70],"debloating":[71],"possible":[73],"practical":[75],"at":[76,264],"binary":[78],"level.":[79],"To":[80],"end,":[82],"present":[84],"Nibbler":[85,99,127,131,163,222],":":[86],"system":[88,178],"identifies":[90],"erases":[92],"functions":[94],"within":[95],"dynamic":[96,230],"shared":[97,136,231],"libraries.":[98],"works":[100],"in":[101,255],"tandem":[102],"with":[103],"such":[105],"as":[106,243,245],"continuous":[107,176],"re-randomization":[109,177],"control-flow":[111,199],"integrity,":[112],"enhancing":[113],"them":[114],"without":[115],"incurring":[116],"additional":[117],"run-time":[118],"overhead.":[119],"We":[120,159],"developed":[121],"tested":[123],"prototype":[125],"on":[128,217,223,246],"x86-64":[129],"Linux;":[130],"reduces":[132],"size":[134],"number":[140,205],"available":[142],"functions,":[143],"real-world":[145],"binaries":[146,226],"SPEC":[149],"CINT2006":[150],"suite,":[151],"up":[153],"56%":[155],"82%,":[157],"respectively.":[158],"also":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"benefits":[164],"showing":[167],"that:":[168],"(i)":[169],"it":[170,191],"improves":[171,192],"deployability":[173],"binaries,":[180],"namely,":[181],"Shuffler,":[182],"its":[185],"efficiency":[186],"20%,":[188],"(ii)":[190],"certain":[193],"fast":[194],"but":[195],"coarse":[196],"context-insensitive":[198],"integrity":[200],"schemes":[201],"reducing":[203],"gadgets":[207],"reachable":[208],"through":[209],"indirect":[210],"branch":[211],"instructions":[212],"75%":[214],"49%,":[216],"average.":[218],"Last,":[219],"apply":[221],"\u224830K":[224],"C/C++":[225],"\u22485K":[228],"unique":[229],"(i.e.,":[233],"almost":[234],"complete":[236],"set":[237],"Debian":[240],"sid":[241],"distribution),":[242],"well":[244],"nine":[247],"official":[248],"Docker":[249,256],"images":[250],"(with":[251],"millions":[252],"downloads":[254],"Hub),":[257],"reporting":[258],"entrancing":[259],"findings":[260],"regarding":[261],"large.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
