{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107232127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417871","title":"Differentiable vector graphics rasterization for editing and learning","display_name":"Differentiable vector graphics rasterization for editing and learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107232127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417871","mag":"3107232127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417871","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417871","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030293104","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Mao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-470X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Mao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009400926","display_name":"Michal Luk\u00e1\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-7786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Luk\u00e1\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089857290","display_name":"Micha\u00ebl Gharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-6955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u00ebl Gharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023577472","display_name":"Jonathan Ragan\u2010Kelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9543"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Ragan-Kelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030293104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0452,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":162,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98184531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-graphics","display_name":"Vector graphics","score":0.8762162923812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7981863021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.7622244358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.6783105134963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6335827112197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.589066207408905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.5388559699058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5232616662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5192287564277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5180342793464661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2d-computer-graphics","display_name":"2D computer graphics","score":0.5106194615364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.48091861605644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4736683964729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computer-graphics","display_name":"Real-time computer graphics","score":0.32688871026039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.20540016889572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1296093463897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59662460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170130","display_name":"Vector graphics","level":3,"score":0.8762162923812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7981863021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.7622244358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.6783105134963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6335827112197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.589066207408905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.5388559699058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5232616662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5192287564277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5180342793464661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75453227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194763","display_name":"2D computer graphics","level":5,"score":0.5106194615364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.48091861605644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4736683964729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537207887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time computer graphics","level":4,"score":0.32688871026039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.20540016889572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1296093463897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417871","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/158158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/158158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417871","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1279283373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-20-9-0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107232127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107232127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117463898","https://openalex.org/W1976197162","https://openalex.org/W1985598934","https://openalex.org/W1987398446","https://openalex.org/W1988973985","https://openalex.org/W1997057955","https://openalex.org/W1997146690","https://openalex.org/W2023016685","https://openalex.org/W2038825728","https://openalex.org/W2040555343","https://openalex.org/W2055026854","https://openalex.org/W2062181717","https://openalex.org/W2067419459","https://openalex.org/W2073065229","https://openalex.org/W2075121120","https://openalex.org/W2075315695","https://openalex.org/W2093028613","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115951842","https://openalex.org/W2132282325","https://openalex.org/W2133301102","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2137706341","https://openalex.org/W2153110463","https://openalex.org/W2153935912","https://openalex.org/W2160066414","https://openalex.org/W2161604086","https://openalex.org/W2207928131","https://openalex.org/W2236247158","https://openalex.org/W2324074576","https://openalex.org/W2530658473","https://openalex.org/W2553243490","https://openalex.org/W2624413595","https://openalex.org/W2891905911","https://openalex.org/W2902812770","https://openalex.org/W2922367376","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962879692","https://openalex.org/W2962968458","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963876827","https://openalex.org/W2966583823","https://openalex.org/W2979856523","https://openalex.org/W2986860185","https://openalex.org/W2990173985","https://openalex.org/W2997387466","https://openalex.org/W2999090309","https://openalex.org/W3048567230","https://openalex.org/W3084042316","https://openalex.org/W3098808043","https://openalex.org/W3099631837","https://openalex.org/W3136398160","https://openalex.org/W3137241515","https://openalex.org/W4234230094","https://openalex.org/W4236212962","https://openalex.org/W4241307704","https://openalex.org/W4288080210","https://openalex.org/W6649654141","https://openalex.org/W6669519845","https://openalex.org/W6769982588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770472682","https://openalex.org/W4230962869","https://openalex.org/W1985998481","https://openalex.org/W2048792043","https://openalex.org/W2000392295","https://openalex.org/W90505660","https://openalex.org/W3211654326","https://openalex.org/W4225788857","https://openalex.org/W3214279542","https://openalex.org/W2594072053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,31,94],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,54,103,111,124,156],"differentiable":[3,38,43],"rasterizer":[4,44,98],"that":[5,33,96,115,134,148],"bridges":[6],"the":[7],"vector":[8,29,34,104,117,130,150],"graphics":[9,35,105,131],"and":[10,21,27,53,77,144],"raster":[11],"image":[12,109,121,137],"domains,":[13],"enabling":[14],"powerful":[15],"raster-based":[16],"loss":[17,127],"functions,":[18],"optimization":[19],"procedures,":[20],"machine":[22],"learning":[23],"techniques":[24],"to":[25,91,119],"edit":[26],"generate":[28,149],"content.":[30],"observe":[32],"rasterization":[36],"is":[37,61,74],"after":[39],"pixel":[40,88],"prefiltering.":[41],"Our":[42],"offers":[45],"two":[46],"prefiltering":[47,51],"options:":[48],"an":[49,120],"analytical":[50,59],"technique":[52],"multisampling":[55,72],"anti-aliasing":[56],"technique.":[57],"The":[58,71],"variant":[60,73],"faster":[62],"but":[63],"can":[64,78],"suffer":[65],"from":[66,152],"artifacts":[67],"such":[68,140],"as":[69,141],"conflation.":[70],"still":[75],"efficient,":[76],"render":[79],"high-quality":[80],"images":[81],"while":[82],"computing":[83],"unbiased":[84],"gradients":[85],"for":[86],"each":[87],"with":[89],"respect":[90],"curve":[92],"parameters.":[93],"demonstrate":[95],"our":[97],"enables":[99],"new":[100,129],"applications,":[101],"including":[102],"editor":[106],"guided":[107],"by":[108,122],"metrics,":[110],"painterly":[112],"rendering":[113],"algorithm":[114],"fits":[116],"primitives":[118],"minimizing":[123],"deep":[125,145],"perceptual":[126],"function,":[128],"editing":[132],"algorithms":[133],"exploit":[135],"well-known":[136],"processing":[138],"methods":[139],"seam":[142],"carving,":[143],"generative":[146],"models":[147],"content":[151],"raster-only":[153],"supervision":[154],"under":[155],"VAE":[157],"or":[158],"GAN":[159],"training":[160],"objective.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}