{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106721722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417833","title":"Unbiased warped-area sampling for differentiable rendering","display_name":"Unbiased warped-area sampling for differentiable rendering","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106721722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417833","mag":"3106721722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417833","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417833","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090575298","display_name":"Sai Praveen Bangaru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-9327"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sai Praveen Bangaru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusets Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusets Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030293104","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Mao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-470X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Mao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusets Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusets Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075155488","display_name":"Fr\u00e9do Durand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-069X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9do Durand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusets Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusets Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090575298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.622,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99829035,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8557069301605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.6690107583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6102170944213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5662490129470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importance-sampling","display_name":"Importance sampling","score":0.5213881134986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5077803730964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45967012643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.4234235882759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4027455747127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.40098023414611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38031136989593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2245001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.17145565152168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09754759073257446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8557069301605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.6690107583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6102170944213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5662490129470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.5213881134986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5077803730964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45967012643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.4234235882759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4027455747127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.40098023414611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38031136989593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2245001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.17145565152168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09754759073257446}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417833","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/143471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/143471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417833","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315934","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106721722.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106721722.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183071939","https://openalex.org/W1188302780","https://openalex.org/W1529723937","https://openalex.org/W1555170564","https://openalex.org/W1666661718","https://openalex.org/W1966671941","https://openalex.org/W1982871508","https://openalex.org/W2035761557","https://openalex.org/W2038630728","https://openalex.org/W2051317734","https://openalex.org/W2059069038","https://openalex.org/W2059734713","https://openalex.org/W2082211440","https://openalex.org/W2109879161","https://openalex.org/W2113586403","https://openalex.org/W2123997651","https://openalex.org/W2129988621","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2142380402","https://openalex.org/W2153110463","https://openalex.org/W2154353521","https://openalex.org/W2161604086","https://openalex.org/W2169338358","https://openalex.org/W2170485458","https://openalex.org/W2201021190","https://openalex.org/W2235424849","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2296715196","https://openalex.org/W2324074576","https://openalex.org/W2473976450","https://openalex.org/W2475362300","https://openalex.org/W2611267947","https://openalex.org/W2797638056","https://openalex.org/W2902812770","https://openalex.org/W2950248781","https://openalex.org/W2952018420","https://openalex.org/W2962818260","https://openalex.org/W2963271690","https://openalex.org/W2985626319","https://openalex.org/W2986860185","https://openalex.org/W2990173985","https://openalex.org/W2998201239","https://openalex.org/W3003602439","https://openalex.org/W3026390873","https://openalex.org/W3048569044","https://openalex.org/W3048668559","https://openalex.org/W3048916779","https://openalex.org/W3095362571","https://openalex.org/W3099553476","https://openalex.org/W3103578989","https://openalex.org/W3144501610","https://openalex.org/W3147431116","https://openalex.org/W4385490328","https://openalex.org/W6769982588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902083801","https://openalex.org/W4300010773","https://openalex.org/W2950602979","https://openalex.org/W4385284185","https://openalex.org/W4361200097","https://openalex.org/W4321765543","https://openalex.org/W4376115546","https://openalex.org/W3193936330","https://openalex.org/W4321021453","https://openalex.org/W4389724925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Differentiable":[0],"rendering":[1,22,33,52,134],"computes":[2],"derivatives":[3],"of":[4,50],"the":[5,44,48,51,56,65,90,116],"light":[6],"transport":[7],"equation":[8],"with":[9],"respect":[10],"to":[11,47,54,69],"arbitrary":[12],"3D":[13],"scene":[14],"parameters,":[15],"and":[16,23,30,104,122],"enables":[17],"various":[18],"applications":[19],"in":[20],"inverse":[21,133],"machine":[24],"learning.":[25],"We":[26,42,63,79,114],"present":[27],"an":[28,60,82],"unbiased":[29],"efficient":[31,83],"differentiable":[32],"algorithm":[34,87],"that":[35,72],"does":[36,105],"not":[37,106],"require":[38,107],"explicit":[39],"boundary":[40,57],"sampling.":[41],"apply":[43],"divergence":[45],"theorem":[46],"derivative":[49],"integral":[53,58,68],"convert":[55],"into":[59,99],"area":[61,67,91],"integral.":[62,92],"rewrite":[64],"converted":[66],"a":[70,100],"form":[71],"is":[73],"suitable":[74],"for":[75,88,111,130],"Monte":[76,84],"Carlo":[77,85],"rendering.":[78],"then":[80],"develop":[81],"sampling":[86,112],"solving":[89],"Our":[93],"method":[94],"can":[95],"be":[96],"easily":[97],"plugged":[98],"traditional":[101],"path":[102],"tracer":[103],"dedicated":[108],"data":[109],"structures":[110],"boundaries.":[113],"analyze":[115],"convergence":[117],"properties":[118],"through":[119],"bias-variance":[120],"metrics,":[121],"demonstrate":[123],"our":[124],"estimator's":[125],"advantages":[126],"over":[127],"existing":[128],"methods":[129],"some":[131],"synthetic":[132],"examples.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
