{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106984321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417821","title":"Light stage super-resolution","display_name":"Light stage super-resolution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106984321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417821","mag":"3106984321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417821","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417821","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113618078","display_name":"Tiancheng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8116-0405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110695052","display_name":"Zexiang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101980997","display_name":"Xiuming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4326-727X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056677910","display_name":"Sean Fanello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9726-4501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Fanello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056242458","display_name":"Christoph Rhemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Rhemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047876260","display_name":"Paul Debevec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Debevec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068706443","display_name":"Yun\u2010Ta Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Ta Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024117395","display_name":"Jonathan T. Barron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4016-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan T. Barron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034754633","display_name":"Ravi Ramamoorthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3993-5789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Ramamoorthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9292,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94997014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656002044677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6973547339439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6895943284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6610643863677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.5545802712440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5296003222465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghosting","display_name":"Ghosting","score":0.5228446125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.43578967452049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-highlight","display_name":"Specular highlight","score":0.42234641313552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-field","display_name":"Light field","score":0.4167734682559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-lighting","display_name":"Image-based lighting","score":0.4124011993408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.3018757104873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-modeling-and-rendering","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","score":0.22560319304466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17292863130569458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656002044677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6973547339439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6895943284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6610643863677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.5545802712440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5296003222465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780531524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551540","display_name":"Ghosting","level":2,"score":0.5228446125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.43578967452049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50045419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575328","display_name":"Specular highlight","level":3,"score":0.42234641313552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48983235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593161","display_name":"Light field","level":2,"score":0.4167734682559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204060014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002069","display_name":"Image-based lighting","level":4,"score":0.4124011993408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.3018757104873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.22560319304466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17292863130569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417821","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3414685.3417821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417821","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3414685.3417821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G108747356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000142012529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3203901530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1617234, 1703957","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4578656691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141712687","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4597150413","display_name":"CHS: Small: Collaborative Research: Detailed Shape and Reflectance Capture with Light Field Cameras","funder_award_id":"1617234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106984321.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106984321.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2027509884","https://openalex.org/W2067449253","https://openalex.org/W2099478163","https://openalex.org/W2114285496","https://openalex.org/W2127339809","https://openalex.org/W2128218001","https://openalex.org/W2235136907","https://openalex.org/W2295511631","https://openalex.org/W2300200458","https://openalex.org/W2795783309","https://openalex.org/W2810337759","https://openalex.org/W2914829730","https://openalex.org/W2974180492","https://openalex.org/W2983597143","https://openalex.org/W3043139608","https://openalex.org/W3139826279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2985926423","https://openalex.org/W3047470019","https://openalex.org/W2112205973","https://openalex.org/W4243167425","https://openalex.org/W2130313874","https://openalex.org/W2626203430","https://openalex.org/W2058678953","https://openalex.org/W2168687480","https://openalex.org/W2002777135","https://openalex.org/W2240842341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"light":[1,33,38,63,84,152,158,193,211,243,282,287,296],"stage":[2,101,212],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6,216],"in":[7,48,59,99,170],"computer":[8],"graphics":[9],"for":[10,141,217,241],"the":[11,18,25,28,37,54,60,62,72,79,97,100,106,142,163,171,183,196,204,210,223,278],"past":[12],"two":[13],"decades,":[14],"primarily":[15],"to":[16,53,109,115,167,178,187,238,255],"enable":[17],"relighting":[19,47,78],"of":[20,27,41,57,96,144,146,182,209,225,261,270,280],"human":[21,29,147,271],"faces.":[22],"By":[23],"capturing":[24],"appearance":[26],"subject":[30,80],"under":[31,131,273],"different":[32],"sources,":[34],"one":[35,95],"obtains":[36],"transport":[39,64],"matrix":[40,65],"that":[42,89,185,214,245,284],"subject,":[43],"which":[44,219],"enables":[45,266],"image-based":[46],"novel":[49],"environments.":[50],"However,":[51],"due":[52],"finite":[55],"number":[56],"lights":[58,98,169],"stage,":[61,172],"only":[66],"represents":[67],"a":[68,76,82,86,138,151,175,180,191,258],"sparse":[69],"sampling":[70],"on":[71],"entire":[73],"sphere.":[74],"As":[75],"consequence,":[77],"with":[81,94,298],"point":[83],"or":[85,277],"directional":[87],"source":[88,194],"does":[90],"not":[91],"coincide":[92],"exactly":[93],"requires":[102],"interpolation":[103,228],"and":[104,112,120,127,173,207,249,252],"resampling":[105],"images":[107,165],"corresponding":[108,166],"nearby":[110],"lights,":[111],"this":[113,135],"leads":[114],"ghosting":[116],"shadows,":[117],"aliased":[118],"specularities,":[119],"other":[121],"artifacts.":[122],"To":[123],"ameliorate":[124],"these":[125],"artifacts":[126],"produce":[128,239],"better":[129],"results":[130],"arbitrary":[132,156,242],"high-frequency":[133],"lighting,":[134],"paper":[136],"proposes":[137],"learning-based":[139],"solution":[140],"\"super-resolution\"":[143],"scans":[145],"faces":[148],"taken":[149],"from":[150],"stage.":[153],"Given":[154],"an":[155],"\"query\"":[157],"direction,":[159],"our":[160,231],"method":[161],"aggregates":[162],"captured":[164],"neighboring":[168],"uses":[174],"neural":[176,200],"network":[177,201],"synthesize":[179],"rendering":[181],"face":[184],"appears":[186],"be":[188],"illuminated":[189],"by":[190],"\"virtual\"":[192],"at":[195],"query":[197],"location.":[198],"This":[199],"must":[202],"circumvent":[203],"inherent":[205],"aliasing":[206],"regularity":[208],"data":[213],"was":[215],"training,":[218],"we":[220],"accomplish":[221],"through":[222],"use":[224],"regularized":[226],"traditional":[227],"methods":[229],"within":[230],"network.":[232],"Our":[233,263],"learned":[234],"model":[235],"is":[236,253],"able":[237,254],"renderings":[240,269,294],"directions":[244],"exhibit":[246],"realistic":[247],"shadows":[248],"specular":[250],"highlights,":[251],"generalize":[256],"across":[257],"wide":[259],"variety":[260],"subjects.":[262],"super-resolution":[264],"approach":[265],"more":[267,299],"accurate":[268],"subjects":[272],"detailed":[274],"environment":[275],"maps,":[276],"construction":[279],"simpler":[281],"stages":[283,297],"contain":[285],"fewer":[286],"sources":[288],"while":[289],"still":[290],"yielding":[291],"comparable":[292],"quality":[293],"as":[295],"densely":[300],"sampled":[301],"lights.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}