{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164248769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412382.3458266","title":"Deep Functional Network (DFN)","display_name":"Deep Functional Network (DFN)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164248769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412382.3458266","mag":"3164248769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3412382.3458266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412382.3458266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (co-located with CPS-IoT Week 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658136","display_name":"Seulki Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7162-0845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seulki Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044492162","display_name":"Shahriar Nirjon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-1146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahriar Nirjon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100658136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05193085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"191","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8286213874816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-acyclic-graph","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","score":0.6116948127746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5608171820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5590742230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4876440763473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47279495000839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4670872390270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43303927779197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3453989028930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.26372236013412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16017991304397583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8286213874816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.6116948127746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5608171820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5590742230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4876440763473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47279495000839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4670872390270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43303927779197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3453989028930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26372236013412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16017991304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3412382.3458266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412382.3458266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (co-located with CPS-IoT Week 2021)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/53594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/53594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"CONFERENCE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510011471","https://openalex.org/W1568232464","https://openalex.org/W1578580665","https://openalex.org/W1613273921","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1667072054","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1862907490","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1996796871","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2038484192","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2046609661","https://openalex.org/W2057907879","https://openalex.org/W2060610732","https://openalex.org/W2068279394","https://openalex.org/W2093535699","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2105232714","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2143436119","https://openalex.org/W2149362532","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168490357","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250787296","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2407023693","https://openalex.org/W2462800345","https://openalex.org/W2553915786","https://openalex.org/W2554125638","https://openalex.org/W2562182651","https://openalex.org/W2607589993","https://openalex.org/W2750784772","https://openalex.org/W2801179766","https://openalex.org/W2929803724","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963749936","https://openalex.org/W2963821229","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2988851551","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3147919432","https://openalex.org/W4206174637","https://openalex.org/W4237412827","https://openalex.org/W4241644338","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300223101","https://openalex.org/W4300692961","https://openalex.org/W4400412639","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3022067003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,145],"introduce":[1],"Deep":[2,10],"Functional":[3],"Network":[4,12],"(DFN)":[5],"that":[6,80,98,126,151,160,207],"approximates":[7],"a":[8,15,20,35,39,66,100,107,157,165,169,208,214],"black-box":[9],"Neural":[11],"(DNN)":[13],"to":[14,53,87,141,184,220],"functional":[16,101],"program":[17,51],"consisting":[18,73],"of":[19,22,38,48,58,74,84,106,133,180,210,233],"set":[21,209],"well-known":[23],"functions":[24,85],"and":[25,46,56,94,167,195],"data":[26],"flows":[27],"among":[28],"them.":[29],"A":[30],"DFN":[31,71],"not":[32],"only":[33],"provides":[34],"semantic":[36,131,231],"interpretation":[37],"DNN":[40,93,216],"but":[41],"also":[42],"enables":[43],"easy":[44],"deployment":[45],"optimization":[47],"the":[49,54,59,70,82,91,104,113,127,134,142,153,186,222,234],"translated":[50],"according":[52],"requirements":[55],"constraints":[57,228],"target":[60],"intelligent":[61,148],"sensing":[62,149],"system.":[63],"To":[64],"interpret":[65],"DNN,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"framework":[72],"two":[75,147],"steps:":[76],"1)":[77,156],"function":[78,115],"estimation":[79],"estimates":[81],"distribution":[83],"likely":[86],"be":[88],"used":[89],"in":[90,103],"source":[92,143],"2)":[95,168],"network":[96,102],"formation":[97],"finds":[99],"form":[105],"directed":[108],"acyclic":[109],"graph":[110],"(DAG)":[111],"given":[112],"estimated":[114],"distribution.":[116],"Our":[117],"empirical":[118],"study":[119],"conducted":[120],"with":[121,137],"16":[122],"state-of-the-art":[123],"DNNs":[124,135],"demonstrates":[125,206],"generated":[128,183,212],"DFNs":[129,181,211],"provide":[130],"understandings":[132],"along":[136],"comparable":[138],"classification":[139],"accuracy":[140],"DNNs.":[144,235],"implement":[146],"systems":[150,219],"use":[152],"proposed":[154],"DFN:":[155],"mobile":[158],"robot":[159],"avoids":[161],"obstacles":[162],"detected":[163],"by":[164,200],"camera":[166],"smartphone-based":[170],"human":[171],"activity":[172],"recognizer":[173],"using":[174],"IMU":[175],"sensors,":[176],"where":[177],"different":[178],"sizes":[179],"are":[182],"complete":[185],"task":[187],"under":[188,225],"various":[189,226],"resource":[190,227],"budgets,":[191],"i.e.,":[192],"execution":[193],"time":[194],"energy":[196],"consumption":[197],"dynamically":[198],"imposed":[199],"run-time":[201],"scenarios.":[202],"The":[203],"experiment":[204],"result":[205],"from":[213],"single":[215],"enable":[217],"both":[218],"achieve":[221],"desired":[223],"performance":[224],"based":[229],"on":[230],"understanding":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}