{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161716008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445692","title":"LaserFactory: A Laser Cutter-based Electromechanical Assembly and Fabrication Platform to Make Functional Devices &amp; Robots","display_name":"LaserFactory: A Laser Cutter-based Electromechanical Assembly and Fabrication Platform to Make Functional Devices &amp; Robots","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161716008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445692","mag":"3161716008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445692","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445692","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110715277","display_name":"Martin Nisser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Nisser","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664","https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037511730","display_name":"Christina Chen Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Chen Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664","https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066873018","display_name":"Yuchen Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1921-7608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664","https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043286126","display_name":"Aradhana Adhikari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aradhana Adhikari","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664","https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564691","display_name":"Steve Hodges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-7762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Hodges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064644612","display_name":"Stefanie Mueller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-7807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanie Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664","https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.7348712682723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5709645748138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5648991465568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5359443426132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.5228779315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5039803385734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.48180073499679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4375413656234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.42109936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.320026159286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23785799741744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16697600483894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1331646740436554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.7348712682723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5709645748138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5648991465568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5359443426132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.5228779315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5039803385734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48180073499679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4375413656234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.42109936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.320026159286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23785799741744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16697600483894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1331646740436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445692","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445692","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/146007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems USB Stick","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445692","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445692","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1178973972","display_name":"CHS: Small: An Integrated Editing Environment for 3D Printing","funder_award_id":"1716413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320936","display_name":"Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j62qv07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161716008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161716008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1266913904","https://openalex.org/W1982636603","https://openalex.org/W1983188437","https://openalex.org/W2005437290","https://openalex.org/W2054044780","https://openalex.org/W2057073649","https://openalex.org/W2071812850","https://openalex.org/W2078327317","https://openalex.org/W2085634597","https://openalex.org/W2096209953","https://openalex.org/W2103339808","https://openalex.org/W2126138368","https://openalex.org/W2130972848","https://openalex.org/W2168018860","https://openalex.org/W2198727081","https://openalex.org/W2218683243","https://openalex.org/W2247601005","https://openalex.org/W2256133874","https://openalex.org/W2271558316","https://openalex.org/W2346996780","https://openalex.org/W2534558385","https://openalex.org/W2563354324","https://openalex.org/W2611629043","https://openalex.org/W2751819004","https://openalex.org/W2809769586","https://openalex.org/W2925130711","https://openalex.org/W2941263421","https://openalex.org/W2941350334","https://openalex.org/W2942288414","https://openalex.org/W2962947588","https://openalex.org/W2981143032","https://openalex.org/W3004665796","https://openalex.org/W3029740816","https://openalex.org/W3031942812","https://openalex.org/W4243991703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082914599","https://openalex.org/W2756570351","https://openalex.org/W2132500134","https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W2606427896","https://openalex.org/W4211139140","https://openalex.org/W2007805353","https://openalex.org/W2008392873","https://openalex.org/W2387433897","https://openalex.org/W2100589902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LaserFactory":[0,33,129,154],"is":[1,135],"an":[2],"integrated":[3,107],"fabrication":[4,11],"process":[5],"that":[6,70,100,153,166,177,186],"augments":[7],"a":[8,62,82,90,96,115,142,147,157],"commercially":[9],"available":[10],"machine":[12],"to":[13,26,65,85,104,137,164,175],"support":[14],"the":[15,66,128],"manufacture":[16],"of":[17,159],"fully":[18,143],"functioning":[19,144],"devices":[20,123,139],"without":[21],"human":[22],"intervention.":[23],"In":[24],"addition":[25],"creating":[27],"2D":[28],"and":[29,43,46,76,117,146,185],"3D":[30],"mechanical":[31],"structures,":[32],"creates":[34],"conductive":[35,180],"circuit":[36,74],"traces":[37,75,173],"with":[38,108,124],"arbitrary":[39],"geometries,":[40],"picks-and-places":[41],"electronic":[42],"electromechanical":[44],"components,":[45],"solders":[47],"them":[48],"in":[49],"place.":[50],"To":[51],"enable":[52],"this":[53],"functionality,":[54],"we":[55,60,80,94,113,131],"make":[56],"four":[57],"contributions.":[58],"First,":[59],"build":[61,95],"hardware":[63],"add-on":[64],"laser":[67,110,182],"cutter":[68],"head":[69],"can":[71,155,168],"deposit":[72],"silver":[73,88],"assemble":[77,156],"components.":[78],"Second,":[79],"develop":[81],"new":[83],"method":[84,99],"cure":[86],"dispensed":[87],"using":[89],"CO2":[91],"laser.":[92],"Third,":[93],"motion-based":[97],"signaling":[98],"allows":[101],"our":[102,187],"system":[103],"be":[105,169],"readily":[106],"commercial":[109],"cutters.":[111],"Finally,":[112],"provide":[114],"design":[116],"visualization":[118],"tool":[119],"for":[120],"making":[121],"functional":[122],"LaserFactory.":[125],"Having":[126],"described":[127],"system,":[130],"demonstrate":[132],"how":[133],"it":[134],"used":[136],"fabricate":[138],"such":[140],"as":[141],"quadcopter":[145],"sensor-equipped":[148],"wristband.":[149],"Our":[150],"evaluation":[151],"shows":[152],"variety":[158],"differently":[160],"sized":[161],"components":[162],"(up":[163],"65g),":[165],"these":[167],"connected":[170],"by":[171],"narrow":[172],"(down":[174],"0.75mm)":[176],"become":[178],"highly":[179],"after":[181],"soldering":[183],"(3.2\u03a9/m),":[184],"acceleration-based":[188],"sensing":[189],"scheme":[190],"works":[191],"reliably":[192],"(to":[193],"99.5%":[194],"accuracy).":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
