{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161590410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445668","title":"Galileo: Citizen-led Experimentation Using a Social Computing System","display_name":"Galileo: Citizen-led Experimentation Using a Social Computing System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161590410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445668","mag":"3161590410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086476281","display_name":"Vineet Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vineet Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Harvard University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Harvard University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005784769","display_name":"Tushar Koul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tushar Koul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab UC San Diego, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab UC San Diego, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086508640","display_name":"Yang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-5316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab UC San Diego, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab UC San Diego, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022461817","display_name":"Daniel McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-9060"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCSD, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCSD, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082457299","display_name":"Mad Price Ball","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-5925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327992077","display_name":"Open Society Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/00qnfvz68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327992077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mad Price Ball","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open Humans Foundation, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open Humans Foundation, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327992077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018956214","display_name":"Bastian Greshake Tzovaras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-9623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327992077","display_name":"Open Society Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/00qnfvz68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327992077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bastian Greshake Tzovaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open Humans Foundation, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open Humans Foundation, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327992077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033881627","display_name":"Rob Knight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-9019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics UC San Diego, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics UC San Diego, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023550565","display_name":"Scott Klemmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-0805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Klemmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab UC San Diego, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab UC San Diego, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086476281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8863809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.8357555866241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.7978687286376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7768635749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6470671892166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5865725874900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"Citizen science","score":0.573489248752594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.556221604347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-computing","display_name":"Social computing","score":0.47525474429130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4747205972671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4474225640296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.358229398727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3495260179042816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32909268140792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.32219934463500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2383425533771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16177117824554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09882810711860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09399884939193726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.8357555866241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.7978687286376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7768635749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6470671892166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5865725874900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.573489248752594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.556221604347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74216064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615684","display_name":"Social computing","level":3,"score":0.47525474429130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4747205972671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4474225640296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.358229398727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3495260179042816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32909268140792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.32219934463500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2383425533771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16177117824554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09882810711860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09399884939193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531153344","https://openalex.org/W1571420992","https://openalex.org/W1578603784","https://openalex.org/W1968326021","https://openalex.org/W1972703107","https://openalex.org/W2007003795","https://openalex.org/W2027214051","https://openalex.org/W2031849190","https://openalex.org/W2036625304","https://openalex.org/W2038924341","https://openalex.org/W2055235810","https://openalex.org/W2058578276","https://openalex.org/W2073338313","https://openalex.org/W2073743938","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2095377531","https://openalex.org/W2119881131","https://openalex.org/W2128555886","https://openalex.org/W2144010090","https://openalex.org/W2151915598","https://openalex.org/W2153432403","https://openalex.org/W2157684242","https://openalex.org/W2157985198","https://openalex.org/W2163560143","https://openalex.org/W2168765606","https://openalex.org/W2170216206","https://openalex.org/W2171965515","https://openalex.org/W2183014234","https://openalex.org/W2323405617","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2398017033","https://openalex.org/W2507736170","https://openalex.org/W2603194309","https://openalex.org/W2610811975","https://openalex.org/W2611374805","https://openalex.org/W2726248338","https://openalex.org/W2756147537","https://openalex.org/W2794407684","https://openalex.org/W2795755461","https://openalex.org/W2809200427","https://openalex.org/W2887900586","https://openalex.org/W2898349875","https://openalex.org/W2899035333","https://openalex.org/W2899483097","https://openalex.org/W2914633767","https://openalex.org/W2949353736","https://openalex.org/W2997093330","https://openalex.org/W3102538720","https://openalex.org/W4229502521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W190814115","https://openalex.org/W1594059563","https://openalex.org/W3094200819","https://openalex.org/W2575763957","https://openalex.org/W4242020197","https://openalex.org/W2225459996","https://openalex.org/W2470380046","https://openalex.org/W597977559","https://openalex.org/W2565872574","https://openalex.org/W130865329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0,98],"have":[1],"scientific":[2],"questions":[3,20],"and":[4,27,39,71,85,94,124,141],"folk":[5],"theories;":[6],"yet":[7],"most":[8],"lack":[9],"the":[10,132,139],"expertise":[11,122],"to":[12],"investigate":[13],"them.":[14],"How":[15],"might":[16],"people":[17],"transform":[18],"their":[19,28],"into":[21],"experiments":[22,41,101],"that":[23,61],"inform":[24],"both":[25],"science":[26],"lives?":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"demonstrates":[32],"how":[33],"online":[34,90],"volunteers":[35,91],"can":[36],"collaboratively":[37],"design":[38,59],"run":[40],"using":[42,54],"a":[43,83,86,109],"novel":[44],"social":[45,133],"computing":[46,134],"system.":[47],"The":[48],"Galileo":[49],"system":[50],"provides":[51,62],"procedural":[52],"support":[53],"three":[55,106],"techniques:":[56],"1)":[57],"experimental":[58],"workflow":[60,67],"just-in-time":[63],"training;":[64],"2)":[65],"review":[66],"with":[68,89],"scaffolded":[69],"questions;":[70],"3)":[72],"automated":[73],"routines":[74],"for":[75,118],"data":[76],"collection.":[77],"We":[78,113],"present":[79],"two":[80,115],"empirical":[81],"investigations:":[82],"study":[84],"field":[87],"deployment":[88],"across":[92],"16":[93],"8":[95],"countries":[96],"respectively.":[97],"generated":[99],"structurally-sound":[100],"on":[102],"personally":[103],"meaningful":[104],"topics;":[105],"communities":[107],"ran":[108],"week-long":[110],"experiment":[111],"each.":[112],"identify":[114],"key":[116],"challenges":[117,142],"citizen-led":[119,144],"experimentation\u2014supporting":[120],"different":[121],"levels":[123],"providing":[125],"recruitment":[126],"guidance\u2014and":[127],"provide":[128],"specific":[129],"suggestions":[130],"from":[131],"literature.":[135],"Our":[136],"results":[137],"highlight":[138],"promise":[140],"of":[143],"knowledge":[145],"work":[146],"like":[147],"experimentation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}