{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162145206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445642","title":"Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being Corrected by Another User for Posting False Political News Increases Subsequent Sharing of Low Quality, Partisan, and Toxic Content in a Twitter Field Experiment","display_name":"Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being Corrected by Another User for Posting False Political News Increases Subsequent Sharing of Low Quality, Partisan, and Toxic Content in a Twitter Field Experiment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162145206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445642","mag":"3162145206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445642","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445642","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052536455","display_name":"Mohsen Mosleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-5035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Mosleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship (SITE) Department, University of Exeter Business School, UK and Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship (SITE) Department, University of Exeter Business School, UK and Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082698243","display_name":"Cameron Martel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-4309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Martel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080265907","display_name":"Dean Eckles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-442X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean Eckles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056499434","display_name":"David G. Rand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Rand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052536455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.2679,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99712685,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downstream","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","score":0.8053959608078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.613217294216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5499852299690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5422106981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5316916704177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.5089828968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5081954002380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.5053415894508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.5032526850700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-generated-content","display_name":"User-generated content","score":0.49840712547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.435786634683609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.26973530650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22379010915756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.21941915154457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.19378814101219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10351711511611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05749586224555969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.8053959608078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.613217294216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5499852299690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5422106981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5316916704177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.5089828968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5081954002380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5053415894508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.5032526850700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101293273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579716","display_name":"User-generated content","level":3,"score":0.49840712547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.435786634683609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26973530650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22379010915756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.21941915154457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.19378814101219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10351711511611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05749586224555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445642","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445642","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/145320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Prof. Rand","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445642","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445642","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G550719759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"174530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307873","display_name":"William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162145206.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162145206.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651477617","https://openalex.org/W1006494919","https://openalex.org/W1532503642","https://openalex.org/W2011554523","https://openalex.org/W2046037438","https://openalex.org/W2116926372","https://openalex.org/W2124637344","https://openalex.org/W2132553681","https://openalex.org/W2141389748","https://openalex.org/W2149204228","https://openalex.org/W2163179583","https://openalex.org/W2340645138","https://openalex.org/W2555691318","https://openalex.org/W2625555835","https://openalex.org/W2656044294","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2753091189","https://openalex.org/W2754477858","https://openalex.org/W2756167825","https://openalex.org/W2759820691","https://openalex.org/W2769670129","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2798244769","https://openalex.org/W2799228294","https://openalex.org/W2899024559","https://openalex.org/W2899317835","https://openalex.org/W2906971970","https://openalex.org/W2908052923","https://openalex.org/W2910027323","https://openalex.org/W2911025704","https://openalex.org/W2913081045","https://openalex.org/W2913649461","https://openalex.org/W2938837629","https://openalex.org/W2972275627","https://openalex.org/W2997474044","https://openalex.org/W2999790948","https://openalex.org/W3004425213","https://openalex.org/W3013473577","https://openalex.org/W3032049092","https://openalex.org/W3032208390","https://openalex.org/W3121315632","https://openalex.org/W3124726575","https://openalex.org/W3124878131","https://openalex.org/W3125618971","https://openalex.org/W3126206030","https://openalex.org/W3128282934","https://openalex.org/W3137986835","https://openalex.org/W3162298464","https://openalex.org/W4250543126","https://openalex.org/W4251175164","https://openalex.org/W4312248975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583765404","https://openalex.org/W4214653257","https://openalex.org/W145111739","https://openalex.org/W2772709740","https://openalex.org/W92751545","https://openalex.org/W4295709008","https://openalex.org/W3183611733","https://openalex.org/W2901542937","https://openalex.org/W4390017791","https://openalex.org/W1574459091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"prominent":[1],"approach":[2],"to":[3,8,34,84,90],"combating":[4],"online":[5],"misinformation":[6],"is":[7],"debunk":[9],"false":[10,77,86],"content.":[11,26],"Here":[12],"we":[13],"investigate":[14],"downstream":[15],"consequences":[16],"of":[17,24,111],"social":[18,69,145],"corrections":[19,42],"on":[20,80,121],"users\u2019":[21,113],"subsequent":[22,39,46,114],"sharing":[23,47],"other":[25],"Being":[27],"corrected":[28,99,129],"might":[29,43],"make":[30],"users":[31,55,74],"more":[32],"attentive":[33],"accuracy,":[35],"thus":[36],"improving":[37],"their":[38,61,85],"sharing.":[40],"Alternatively,":[41],"not":[44],"improve":[45],"-":[48,52,139],"or":[49,58],"even":[50],"backfire":[51],"by":[53,59,130],"making":[54],"feel":[56],"defensive,":[57],"shifting":[60],"attention":[62,135],"away":[63,136],"from":[64,137],"accuracy":[65,138],"(e.g.,":[66],"towards":[67],"various":[68],"factors).":[70],"We":[71,93],"identified":[72],"N=2,000":[73],"who":[75],"shared":[76],"political":[78],"news":[79],"Twitter,":[81],"and":[82,103,108],"replied":[83],"tweets":[87],"with":[88],"links":[89],"fact-checking":[91],"websites.":[92],"find":[94],"causal":[95],"evidence":[96],"that":[97,126],"being":[98,127],"decreases":[100],"the":[101,105,112],"quality,":[102],"increases":[104],"partisan":[106],"slant":[107],"language":[109],"toxicity,":[110],"retweets":[115],"(but":[116],"has":[117],"no":[118],"significant":[119],"effect":[120],"primary":[122],"tweets).":[123],"This":[124],"suggests":[125],"publicly":[128],"another":[131],"user":[132],"shifts":[133],"one's":[134],"presenting":[140],"an":[141],"important":[142],"challenge":[143],"for":[144],"correction":[146],"approaches.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
