{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130680947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445626","title":"TapNet: The Design, Training, Implementation, and Applications of a Multi-Task Learning CNN for Off-Screen Mobile Input","display_name":"TapNet: The Design, Training, Implementation, and Applications of a Multi-Task Learning CNN for Off-Screen Mobile Input","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130680947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445626","mag":"3130680947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445626","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445626","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059880425","display_name":"Michael Xuelin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-2869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Xuelin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, United States","Google,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421666","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States","Google,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071266164","display_name":"Nazneen Nazneen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-9798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazneen Nazneen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, United States","Google,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084790412","display_name":"Alexander T. Chao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, United States","Google,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005293560","display_name":"Shumin Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumin Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, United States","Google,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01788681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515764236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6982976794242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.654876172542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6538423299789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6420891284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6129533052444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5575933456420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.5520034432411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5262717008590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5235300064086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42925435304641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.42353999614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40794479846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3444785475730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1179853081703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09222373366355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09136483073234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09080564975738525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515764236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6982976794242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.654876172542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6538423299789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6420891284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6129533052444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5575933456420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.5520034432411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5262717008590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5235300064086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42925435304641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.42353999614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40794479846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3444785475730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1179853081703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09222373366355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09136483073234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09080564975738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445626","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445626","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.09087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09087","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.09087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3130680947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.09087.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.09087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.09087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445626","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445626","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130680947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130680947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1985745464","https://openalex.org/W2017658349","https://openalex.org/W2028568258","https://openalex.org/W2048207755","https://openalex.org/W2056545945","https://openalex.org/W2072065609","https://openalex.org/W2082038605","https://openalex.org/W2102932275","https://openalex.org/W2157240849","https://openalex.org/W2170568675","https://openalex.org/W2240947865","https://openalex.org/W2288074780","https://openalex.org/W2401233188","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2405829620","https://openalex.org/W2470889211","https://openalex.org/W2483639660","https://openalex.org/W2517813042","https://openalex.org/W2533621669","https://openalex.org/W2535066354","https://openalex.org/W2536219382","https://openalex.org/W2547077751","https://openalex.org/W2557296577","https://openalex.org/W2610613018","https://openalex.org/W2611427051","https://openalex.org/W2626792426","https://openalex.org/W2733254251","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2782930323","https://openalex.org/W2794257028","https://openalex.org/W2795453205","https://openalex.org/W2795718602","https://openalex.org/W2809366716","https://openalex.org/W2887985735","https://openalex.org/W2896353548","https://openalex.org/W2897106987","https://openalex.org/W2911853677","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2941524456","https://openalex.org/W2941909295","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163439191","https://openalex.org/W2766949590","https://openalex.org/W2099468260","https://openalex.org/W2563856980","https://openalex.org/W2338853301","https://openalex.org/W2483639660","https://openalex.org/W2088876847","https://openalex.org/W2928341601","https://openalex.org/W2717912364","https://openalex.org/W2941030798","https://openalex.org/W195259927","https://openalex.org/W3089284501","https://openalex.org/W2088863122","https://openalex.org/W2311600552","https://openalex.org/W2995999222","https://openalex.org/W2971258485","https://openalex.org/W2508150002","https://openalex.org/W2073358335","https://openalex.org/W2990576861","https://openalex.org/W2821061079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"make":[1],"off-screen":[2,133],"interaction":[3,33],"without":[4],"specialized":[5],"hardware":[6],"practical,":[7],"we":[8],"investigate":[9],"using":[10],"deep":[11],"learning":[12],"methods":[13],"to":[14],"process":[15],"the":[16,37,52,102,105,113,116,120],"common":[17],"built-in":[18],"IMU":[19],"sensor":[20],"(accelerometers":[21],"and":[22,41,69,78,94,108,123],"gyroscopes)":[23],"on":[24,51],"mobile":[25,134],"phones":[26],"into":[27],"a":[28,45,128],"useful":[29],"set":[30],"of":[31,43,86,104,115],"one-handed":[32],"events.":[34],"We":[35,81],"present":[36],"design,":[38],"training,":[39],"implementation":[40],"applications":[42],"TapNet,":[44],"multi-task":[46],"network":[47],"that":[48],"detects":[49],"tapping":[50],"smartphone.":[53],"With":[54],"phone":[55],"form":[56],"factor":[57],"as":[58],"auxiliary":[59],"information,":[60],"TapNet":[61,106,126],"can":[62],"jointly":[63],"learn":[64],"from":[65],"data":[66],"across":[67],"devices":[68],"simultaneously":[70],"recognize":[71],"multiple":[72],"tap":[73,76,79],"properties,":[74],"including":[75],"direction":[77],"location.":[80],"developed":[82],"two":[83],"datasets":[84],"consisting":[85],"over":[87,112],"135K":[88],"training":[89],"samples,":[90,93],"38K":[91],"testing":[92],"32":[95],"participants":[96],"in":[97],"total.":[98],"Experimental":[99],"evaluation":[100],"demonstrated":[101],"effectiveness":[103],"design":[107],"its":[109],"significant":[110],"improvement":[111],"state":[114],"art.":[117],"Along":[118],"with":[119],"datasets,":[121],"codebase1,":[122],"extensive":[124],"experiments,":[125],"establishes":[127],"new":[129],"technical":[130],"foundation":[131],"for":[132],"input.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}