{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163818328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445528","title":"Understanding User Identification in Virtual Reality Through Behavioral Biometrics and the Effect of Body Normalization","display_name":"Understanding User Identification in Virtual Reality Through Behavioral Biometrics and the Effect of Body Normalization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163818328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445528","mag":"3163818328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445528","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020519967","display_name":"Jonathan Liebers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-9066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Liebers","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024431646","display_name":"Mark Abdelaziz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96823368","display_name":"German University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/03rjt0z37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Abdelaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["German University in Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German University in Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053197649","display_name":"Lukas Mecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-7256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Mecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bundeswehr University Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022662383","display_name":"Alia Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alia Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025264966","display_name":"Jonas Auda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1326-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Auda","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066229665","display_name":"Uwe Gruenefeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-1640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe Gruenefeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054117094","display_name":"Florian Alt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Alt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bundeswehr University Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024328962","display_name":"Stefan Schneega\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-4934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schneegass","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCI Group University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020519967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99291404,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8988609313964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7642011046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7569053173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7098192572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6426688432693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6124979853630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entertainment","display_name":"Entertainment","score":0.48486360907554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44679713249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.42210817337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29270803928375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08333182334899902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8988609313964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7642011046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7569053173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7098192572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6426688432693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6124979853630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.48486360907554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44679713249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.42210817337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29270803928375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08333182334899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445528","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6961921750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"425869382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963636106","https://openalex.org/W1965428772","https://openalex.org/W1983849137","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2075057776","https://openalex.org/W2096822517","https://openalex.org/W2109407018","https://openalex.org/W2139431161","https://openalex.org/W2151905266","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2163393912","https://openalex.org/W2468988960","https://openalex.org/W2472405374","https://openalex.org/W2573305285","https://openalex.org/W2789713441","https://openalex.org/W2881632231","https://openalex.org/W2903757287","https://openalex.org/W2941915966","https://openalex.org/W2943403866","https://openalex.org/W2955031423","https://openalex.org/W2966872847","https://openalex.org/W2997309279","https://openalex.org/W2997791073","https://openalex.org/W3005890490","https://openalex.org/W3028219535","https://openalex.org/W3041874169","https://openalex.org/W3082112937","https://openalex.org/W4243520527","https://openalex.org/W4250490597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2353749315","https://openalex.org/W1989935232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"Reality":[1],"(VR)":[2],"is":[3,92],"becoming":[4],"increasingly":[5],"popular":[6],"both":[7],"in":[8,29,32,108,124,130],"the":[9,103,127,140],"entertainment":[10],"and":[11,25,45,114],"professional":[12],"domains.":[13],"Behavioral":[14],"biometrics":[15,110],"have":[16],"recently":[17],"been":[18],"investigated":[19],"as":[20,48,50],"a":[21,59],"means":[22],"to":[23,41,51,65,90,135],"continuously":[24],"implicitly":[26],"identify":[27],"users":[28,69],"VR.":[30],"Applications":[31],"VR":[33],"can":[34,70],"specifically":[35],"benefit":[36],"from":[37],"this,":[38],"for":[39],"example,":[40],"adapt":[42],"virtual":[43],"environments":[44],"user":[46],"interfaces":[47],"well":[49],"authenticate":[52],"users.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57,101],"conduct":[58],"lab":[60],"study":[61],"(N":[62],"=":[63],"16)":[64],"explore":[66],"how":[67],"accurately":[68],"be":[71],"identified":[72],"during":[73],"two":[74],"task-driven":[75],"scenarios":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78,97],"their":[79,116],"spatial":[80],"movement.":[81],"We":[82,119],"show":[83],"that":[84,121],"an":[85],"identification":[86,128,143],"accuracy":[87],"of":[88,105,142],"up":[89,134],"90%":[91],"possible":[93],"across":[94],"sessions":[95],"recorded":[96],"different":[98],"days.":[99],"Moreover,":[100],"investigate":[102],"role":[104],"users\u2019":[106],"physiology":[107],"behavioral":[109],"by":[111,133],"virtually":[112],"altering":[113],"normalizing":[115],"body":[117,122],"proportions.":[118],"find":[120],"normalization":[123],"general":[125],"increases":[126],"rate,":[129],"some":[131],"cases":[132],"38%;":[136],"hence,":[137],"it":[138],"improves":[139],"performance":[141],"systems.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
