{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161042817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445527","title":"Fork It: Supporting Stateful Alternatives in Computational Notebooks","display_name":"Fork It: Supporting Stateful Alternatives in Computational Notebooks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161042817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445527","mag":"3161042817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445527","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445527","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445527","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061479960","display_name":"Nathaniel Weinman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5491-8298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Weinman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010119044","display_name":"Steven M. Drucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-9343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Drucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060033622","display_name":"Titus Barik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-0739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Titus Barik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026655012","display_name":"Robert DeLine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert DeLine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061479960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96413663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8322509527206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.7747155427932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fork","display_name":"Fork (system call)","score":0.7414201498031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5783398151397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.49108123779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.46866166591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.4272765517234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40633851289749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20978936553001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15801683068275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1575237214565277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8322509527206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.7747155427932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40523978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14675","display_name":"Fork (system call)","level":2,"score":0.7414201498031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5783398151397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.49108123779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46866166591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.4272765517234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40633851289749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20978936553001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15801683068275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1575237214565277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445527","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445527","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445527","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445527","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161042817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161042817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033626294","https://openalex.org/W2044102377","https://openalex.org/W2071873073","https://openalex.org/W2087641817","https://openalex.org/W2107472520","https://openalex.org/W2131966673","https://openalex.org/W2148389674","https://openalex.org/W2293624369","https://openalex.org/W2342082360","https://openalex.org/W2472803348","https://openalex.org/W2610517421","https://openalex.org/W2611688459","https://openalex.org/W2740279402","https://openalex.org/W2768736423","https://openalex.org/W2784241156","https://openalex.org/W2796040126","https://openalex.org/W2809881607","https://openalex.org/W2890114759","https://openalex.org/W2904129194","https://openalex.org/W2904955348","https://openalex.org/W2922234936","https://openalex.org/W2941232686","https://openalex.org/W2941629559","https://openalex.org/W2941766203","https://openalex.org/W2963643543","https://openalex.org/W2968484890","https://openalex.org/W3149020889","https://openalex.org/W4242395378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583381754","https://openalex.org/W2144255176","https://openalex.org/W2222333653","https://openalex.org/W109977192","https://openalex.org/W1970797462","https://openalex.org/W2566747981","https://openalex.org/W4312120139","https://openalex.org/W2342453732","https://openalex.org/W2809541058","https://openalex.org/W2047113772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computational":[0],"notebooks,":[1],"which":[2],"seamlessly":[3],"interleave":[4],"code":[5],"with":[6],"results,":[7],"have":[8],"become":[9],"a":[10,27],"popular":[11],"tool":[12],"for":[13,31],"data":[14,43],"scientists":[15,44],"due":[16],"to":[17,33],"the":[18],"iterative":[19],"nature":[20],"of":[21],"exploratory":[22],"tasks.":[23],"However,":[24],"notebooks":[25],"provide":[26],"single":[28],"execution":[29],"state":[30],"users":[32],"manipulate":[34],"through":[35],"creating":[36],"and":[37],"manipulating":[38],"variables.":[39],"When":[40],"exploring":[41],"alternatives,":[42],"must":[45],"carefully":[46],"create":[47],"many-step":[48],"manipulations":[49],"in":[50],"visually":[51],"distant":[52],"cells.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
