{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162968607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445367","title":"RadarNet: Efficient Gesture Recognition Technique Utilizing a Miniature Radar Sensor","display_name":"RadarNet: Efficient Gesture Recognition Technique Utilizing a Miniature Radar Sensor","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162968607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445367","mag":"3162968607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445367","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445367","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445367","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081832714","display_name":"Eiji Hayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1248-554X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eiji Hayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102886831","display_name":"Jaime Lien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9083-4872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Lien","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038969295","display_name":"Nicholas Gillian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Gillian","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065223131","display_name":"Leonardo Giusti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-8134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Giusti","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108739117","display_name":"Dave Weber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020961850","display_name":"Jin Yamanaka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Yamanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technology and Projects Google LLC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology and Projects Google LLC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077954077","display_name":"Lauren Bedal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Bedal","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004961545","display_name":"Ivan Poupyrev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7389-4726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Poupyrev","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATAP Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATAP Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98896589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6432552933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.6172679662704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5493521094322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5376253128051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4964357018470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46779924631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.42471277713775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.33400219678878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14629876613616943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6432552933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.6172679662704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5493521094322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5376253128051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4964357018470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46779924631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.42471277713775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.33400219678878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14629876613616943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445367","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445367","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445367","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445367","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162968607.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162968607.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1985445120","https://openalex.org/W1993982229","https://openalex.org/W2023633446","https://openalex.org/W2100147865","https://openalex.org/W2103865647","https://openalex.org/W2133258886","https://openalex.org/W2135643110","https://openalex.org/W2153200718","https://openalex.org/W2166630128","https://openalex.org/W2170447496","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2196145477","https://openalex.org/W2214267766","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2485678069","https://openalex.org/W2502341198","https://openalex.org/W2536305597","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2740252643","https://openalex.org/W2922148914","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2982288489","https://openalex.org/W3000580792","https://openalex.org/W3036954260","https://openalex.org/W4246418470","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6721750117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2989699735","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2742737769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gestures":[0],"are":[1,19],"a":[2,57,73,82,87],"promising":[3],"candidate":[4],"as":[5,17,44],"an":[6,45,51,70,113],"input":[7,14],"modality":[8],"for":[9,94],"ambient":[10],"computing":[11],"where":[12],"conventional":[13],"modalities":[15],"such":[16],"touchscreens":[18],"not":[20],"available.":[21],"Existing":[22],"works":[23],"have":[24],"focused":[25],"on":[26],"gesture":[27,53,115,129],"recognition":[28,54,116],"using":[29,56,72,118],"image":[30],"sensors.":[31],"However,":[32],"their":[33],"cost,":[34],"high":[35],"battery":[36,95],"consumption,":[37],"and":[38,69,97,104,131,140],"privacy":[39],"concerns":[40],"made":[41],"cameras":[42],"challenging":[43],"always-on":[46],"solution.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"introduces":[50],"efficient":[52,92],"technique":[55,64,117],"miniaturized":[58],"60":[59],"GHz":[60],"radar":[61,74],"sensor.":[62],"The":[63],"recognizes":[65],"four":[66],"directional":[67],"swipes":[68],"omni-swipe":[71],"chip":[75],"(6.5":[76],"\u00d7":[77],"5.0":[78],"mm)":[79],"integrated":[80],"into":[81],"mobile":[83],"phone.":[84],"We":[85],"developed":[86],"convolutional":[88],"neural":[89],"network":[90],"model":[91,102],"enough":[93],"powered":[96],"computationally":[98],"constrained":[99],"processors.":[100],"Its":[101],"size":[103],"inference":[105],"time":[106],"is":[107],"less":[108],"than":[109],"1/5000":[110],"compared":[111],"to":[112,142],"existing":[114],"radar.":[119],"Our":[120],"evaluations":[121],"with":[122],"large":[123],"scale":[124],"datasets":[125],"consisting":[126],"of":[127,146],"558,000":[128],"samples":[130,134],"3,920,000":[132],"negative":[133],"demonstrated":[135],"our":[136],"algorithm\u2019s":[137],"efficiency,":[138],"robustness,":[139],"readiness":[141],"be":[143],"deployed":[144],"outside":[145],"research":[147],"laboratories.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}