{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160099389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350","title":"Examining the Use of Online Platforms for Employment: A Survey of U.S. Job Seekers","display_name":"Examining the Use of Online Platforms for Employment: A Survey of U.S. Job Seekers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160099389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350","mag":"3160099389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445350","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445350","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005890680","display_name":"Tawanna R. Dillahunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-8507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tawanna R Dillahunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057378950","display_name":"Aarti Israni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-0218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aarti Israni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028628445","display_name":"Alex Jiahong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Jiahong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089415131","display_name":"Mingzhi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4598-9325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan College of Engineering, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan College of Engineering, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076388340","display_name":"Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2074-7211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005890680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3517,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97328847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12415","display_name":"Employer Branding and e-HRM","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seekers","display_name":"Seekers","score":0.9392251372337341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-attitude","display_name":"Job attitude","score":0.5375933051109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"Demographics","score":0.4900304079055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-analysis","display_name":"Job analysis","score":0.41072535514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3483327031135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"Job performance","score":0.3444361388683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3286752700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.3217502534389496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1555902361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13589143753051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"Job satisfaction","score":0.13417816162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1275230348110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10509976744651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.08771350979804993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776493517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479542","display_name":"Seekers","level":2,"score":0.9392251372337341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150706916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206702","display_name":"Job attitude","level":4,"score":0.5375933051109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.4900304079055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58346731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627339","display_name":"Job analysis","level":3,"score":0.41072535514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3483327031135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.3444361388683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3286752700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3217502534389496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1555902361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13589143753051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.13417816162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1275230348110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10509976744651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.08771350979804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445350","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445350","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1679240975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1717186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2460168327","display_name":"CHS: Small: Designing Next Generation Digital Employment and Recruitment Intervention Tools: Identifying Technical Features to Support Underserved Job Seekers in the U.S.","funder_award_id":"1717186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160099389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160099389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W247315569","https://openalex.org/W1515609738","https://openalex.org/W1754027062","https://openalex.org/W1973447178","https://openalex.org/W1983256943","https://openalex.org/W2012376464","https://openalex.org/W2021329679","https://openalex.org/W2051629332","https://openalex.org/W2094856675","https://openalex.org/W2106454818","https://openalex.org/W2110601688","https://openalex.org/W2112908640","https://openalex.org/W2143522419","https://openalex.org/W2155111909","https://openalex.org/W2164172293","https://openalex.org/W2171034199","https://openalex.org/W2221289453","https://openalex.org/W2326056396","https://openalex.org/W2345380342","https://openalex.org/W2416217010","https://openalex.org/W2419068286","https://openalex.org/W2588008725","https://openalex.org/W2593099464","https://openalex.org/W2611678241","https://openalex.org/W2624793337","https://openalex.org/W2674341785","https://openalex.org/W2737661023","https://openalex.org/W2795743913","https://openalex.org/W2796264423","https://openalex.org/W2796402109","https://openalex.org/W2808644754","https://openalex.org/W2899136066","https://openalex.org/W2899493986","https://openalex.org/W2940569804","https://openalex.org/W2940651937","https://openalex.org/W2940931892","https://openalex.org/W2942149180","https://openalex.org/W2974095003","https://openalex.org/W2985226951","https://openalex.org/W2986623599","https://openalex.org/W2991581069","https://openalex.org/W3029464893","https://openalex.org/W3032182422","https://openalex.org/W3121260164","https://openalex.org/W3126086065","https://openalex.org/W3127517052","https://openalex.org/W3162998076","https://openalex.org/W4230483665","https://openalex.org/W4250088285","https://openalex.org/W6688887247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046190687","https://openalex.org/W2241466599","https://openalex.org/W2516348321","https://openalex.org/W132413899","https://openalex.org/W3186686944","https://openalex.org/W2112368856","https://openalex.org/W2951237581","https://openalex.org/W3035260353","https://openalex.org/W1485557866","https://openalex.org/W2155952228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"employment":[1,31],"resources":[2,27],"are":[3,28],"now":[4],"as":[5,7],"important":[6],"offline":[8],"personal":[9],"and":[10,32,59,70,88,101,117,133,135],"professional":[11],"networks,":[12],"which":[13,24,51,71],"have":[14],"been":[15],"pivotal":[16],"in":[17,41,66,91],"finding":[18],"employment.":[19],"However,":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22],"unclear,":[23],"specific":[25,54],"online":[26,43,52,92],"key":[29],"to":[30,113,120,141],"how":[33],"job":[34,47,55,60,63,68,108,125,148],"seekers":[35,64,109],"take":[36],"advantage":[37],"of":[38,45,72,99,147],"them.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"an":[42],"survey":[44],"768":[46],"seekers,":[48],"we":[49],"investigated":[50],"platforms,":[53],"search":[56,61],"phases,":[57],"behaviors,":[58],"strategies":[62,116],"used":[65],"their":[67],"search,":[69],"these":[73,82],"were":[74,110],"associated":[75],"with":[76,85],"positive":[77],"outcomes.":[78],"We":[79,127],"examined":[80],"whether":[81],"results":[83,104],"correlated":[84],"demographic":[86],"factors":[87],"found":[89],"differences":[90],"platform":[93],"use":[94,114],"among":[95],"income,":[96],"gender,":[97],"years":[98],"education,":[100],"race.":[102],"Our":[103],"suggest":[105],"that":[106],"higher-income":[107],"more":[111,118],"likely":[112,119],"different":[115],"get":[121],"callbacks":[122],"than":[123],"lower-income":[124],"seekers.":[126,149],"raise":[128],"new":[129],"questions":[130],"around":[131],"demographics":[132],"technology":[134],"discuss":[136],"the":[137],"need":[138],"for":[139,143],"practitioners":[140],"design":[142],"a":[144],"wider":[145],"variety":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
