{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161948084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445322","title":"LightWrite: Teach Handwriting to The Visually Impaired with A Smartphone","display_name":"LightWrite: Teach Handwriting to The Visually Impaired with A Smartphone","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161948084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445322","mag":"3161948084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081350225","display_name":"Zihan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043272273","display_name":"Chun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2591-7993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066796307","display_name":"Xuhai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information School University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information School University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101437378","display_name":"Wei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8328-7999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055567810","display_name":"Tianyuan Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyuan Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Tecchnology Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Tecchnology Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746359","display_name":"Ruolin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-3793"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruolin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCI Research UCLA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCI Research UCLA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057896400","display_name":"Yuanchun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081350225"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68921816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.9520803689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7086414098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5136756300926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired","display_name":"Visually impaired","score":0.4424781799316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.4275836944580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.38484057784080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32689058780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29771655797958374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9520803689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7086414098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5136756300926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020106864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visually impaired","level":2,"score":0.4424781799316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.4275836944580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38484057784080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32689058780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29771655797958374}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54953120","https://openalex.org/W134712554","https://openalex.org/W649372305","https://openalex.org/W943057702","https://openalex.org/W1480985346","https://openalex.org/W1540255234","https://openalex.org/W1573460158","https://openalex.org/W1973997762","https://openalex.org/W1986218835","https://openalex.org/W1994893618","https://openalex.org/W2020813568","https://openalex.org/W2035675819","https://openalex.org/W2041121121","https://openalex.org/W2052270675","https://openalex.org/W2056472549","https://openalex.org/W2056851212","https://openalex.org/W2058549332","https://openalex.org/W2062709156","https://openalex.org/W2067083952","https://openalex.org/W2083455456","https://openalex.org/W2083850871","https://openalex.org/W2101027976","https://openalex.org/W2103476886","https://openalex.org/W2110868090","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113598159","https://openalex.org/W2118486221","https://openalex.org/W2123382439","https://openalex.org/W2136691781","https://openalex.org/W2162026890","https://openalex.org/W2396666837","https://openalex.org/W2535830051","https://openalex.org/W2565336332","https://openalex.org/W2568039188","https://openalex.org/W2587291978","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W2766477191","https://openalex.org/W2940736317","https://openalex.org/W2941818409","https://openalex.org/W2963622213","https://openalex.org/W3009758188","https://openalex.org/W3048818469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402920184","https://openalex.org/W2147687867","https://openalex.org/W2582695981","https://openalex.org/W2612325988","https://openalex.org/W2496907786","https://openalex.org/W2483185727","https://openalex.org/W2490611030","https://openalex.org/W3022607756","https://openalex.org/W2043030904","https://openalex.org/W2327192489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"to":[1,42,70,74,106,132],"write":[2,43,75,133],"is":[3,28],"challenging":[4],"for":[5,39,116,126],"blind":[6],"and":[7,48,68,79,122],"low":[8],"vision":[9],"(BLV)":[10],"people":[11],"because":[12],"of":[13,16,20,24,33,52,113,136,139],"the":[14,21,50],"lack":[15],"visual":[17],"feedback.":[18],"Regardless":[19],"drastic":[22],"advancement":[23],"digital":[25],"technology,":[26],"handwriting":[27,108],"still":[29],"an":[30,111,134],"essential":[31],"part":[32],"daily":[34,124],"life.":[35],"Although":[36],"tools":[37],"designed":[38,85],"teaching":[40],"BLV":[41,72,92],"exist,":[44],"many":[45],"are":[46,143],"expensive":[47],"require":[49],"help":[51],"sighted":[53,146],"teachers.":[54],"We":[55],"propose":[56],"LightWrite,":[57],"a":[58,83],"low-cost,":[59],"easy-to-access":[60],"smartphone":[61],"application":[62],"that":[63,100,142],"uses":[64],"voice-based":[65],"descriptive":[66],"instruction":[67],"feedback":[69],"teach":[71,104],"users":[73,93,105],"English":[76],"lowercase":[77],"letters":[78,141],"Arabian":[80],"digits":[81],"in":[82,110],"specifically":[84],"font.":[86],"A":[87],"two-stage":[88],"study":[89],"with":[90,94],"15":[91],"little":[95],"prior":[96],"writing":[97],"knowledge":[98],"shows":[99],"LightWrite":[101],"can":[102],"successfully":[103],"learn":[107],"characters":[109],"average":[112,135],"1.09":[114],"minutes":[115],"each":[117],"letter.":[118],"After":[119],"initial":[120],"training":[121],"20-minute":[123],"practice":[125],"5":[127],"days,":[128],"participants":[129],"were":[130],"able":[131],"19.9":[137],"out":[138],"26":[140],"recognizable":[144],"by":[145],"raters.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}