{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160946000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445292","title":"Problem-Solving Efficiency and Cognitive Load for Adaptive Parsons Problems vs. Writing the Equivalent Code","display_name":"Problem-Solving Efficiency and Cognitive Load for Adaptive Parsons Problems vs. Writing the Equivalent Code","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160946000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445292","mag":"3160946000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445292","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058557874","display_name":"Carl C. Haynes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl C. Haynes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005683626","display_name":"Barbara Ericson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-8341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara J. Ericson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058557874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96304008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.632363498210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6199564933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.588240385055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5595316886901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4257082939147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33531472086906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2708323001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21909070014953613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.632363498210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6199564933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.588240385055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5595316886901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4257082939147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33531472086906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2708323001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21909070014953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445292","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123423841","https://openalex.org/W136770786","https://openalex.org/W1531938074","https://openalex.org/W1568871075","https://openalex.org/W1655850657","https://openalex.org/W1950299194","https://openalex.org/W1987790173","https://openalex.org/W1988429705","https://openalex.org/W1998848131","https://openalex.org/W2001468118","https://openalex.org/W2002337194","https://openalex.org/W2010593734","https://openalex.org/W2024590410","https://openalex.org/W2037482284","https://openalex.org/W2038417141","https://openalex.org/W2039955996","https://openalex.org/W2041781135","https://openalex.org/W2048076743","https://openalex.org/W2049931297","https://openalex.org/W2053454696","https://openalex.org/W2067438752","https://openalex.org/W2067963826","https://openalex.org/W2083344440","https://openalex.org/W2103483792","https://openalex.org/W2103545980","https://openalex.org/W2107436949","https://openalex.org/W2108756810","https://openalex.org/W2113436604","https://openalex.org/W2114434120","https://openalex.org/W2133764456","https://openalex.org/W2135234238","https://openalex.org/W2146057986","https://openalex.org/W2158081248","https://openalex.org/W2168795140","https://openalex.org/W2215768222","https://openalex.org/W2246775628","https://openalex.org/W2294396910","https://openalex.org/W2368869802","https://openalex.org/W2508349037","https://openalex.org/W2512013293","https://openalex.org/W2517830973","https://openalex.org/W2529275262","https://openalex.org/W2542161294","https://openalex.org/W2545952627","https://openalex.org/W2593617966","https://openalex.org/W2594286748","https://openalex.org/W2619299539","https://openalex.org/W2734772541","https://openalex.org/W2746960282","https://openalex.org/W2766230222","https://openalex.org/W2783732587","https://openalex.org/W2789147155","https://openalex.org/W2796087441","https://openalex.org/W2808267878","https://openalex.org/W2886511030","https://openalex.org/W2910880405","https://openalex.org/W2913144876","https://openalex.org/W2915211782","https://openalex.org/W2917832356","https://openalex.org/W2922228399","https://openalex.org/W2940692950","https://openalex.org/W2954457885","https://openalex.org/W2964982419","https://openalex.org/W2995774055","https://openalex.org/W3001923893","https://openalex.org/W3004648111","https://openalex.org/W3007359344","https://openalex.org/W3009315038","https://openalex.org/W3009875955","https://openalex.org/W3023886462","https://openalex.org/W3028280248","https://openalex.org/W3033308259","https://openalex.org/W3033901832","https://openalex.org/W3081112910","https://openalex.org/W7055027820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188425112","https://openalex.org/W2037482284","https://openalex.org/W4380629719","https://openalex.org/W2087399092","https://openalex.org/W2793453777","https://openalex.org/W3165152255","https://openalex.org/W2963945375","https://openalex.org/W3037260913","https://openalex.org/W3200824386","https://openalex.org/W2183783065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Novice":[0],"programmers":[1],"need":[2],"differentiated":[3],"assessments":[4],"(such":[5],"as":[6],"adaptive":[7,50,127],"Parsons":[8,19,51,68,82,128],"problems)":[9],"to":[10,14,17,23,32,41,80],"maximize":[11],"their":[12],"ability":[13],"learn":[15],"how":[16],"program.":[18],"problems":[20,52,129,132],"require":[21],"learners":[22],"place":[24],"mixed-up":[25],"code":[26],"blocks":[27],"in":[28],"the":[29,43,55,72,78,81,97,103,108,134],"correct":[30],"order":[31],"solve":[33],"a":[34,38,67],"problem.":[35],"We":[36],"conducted":[37],"within-subjects":[39],"experiment":[40],"compare":[42],"efficiency":[44,111],"and":[45,107,112,130,133],"cognitive":[46,99,113],"load":[47,100,114],"of":[48,102,122],"solving":[49,66,125],"versus":[53],"writing":[54,71],"equivalent":[56,73],"(isomorphic)":[57],"code.":[58],"Undergraduates":[59],"were":[60],"usually":[61],"more":[62],"significantly":[63],"efficient":[64],"at":[65],"problem":[69,83,90,105],"than":[70],"code,":[74],"but":[75],"not":[76],"when":[77],"solution":[79],"was":[84],"unusual.":[85],"This":[86,92],"has":[87],"implications":[88],"for":[89],"creators.":[91],"paper":[93],"also":[94],"reports":[95,118],"on":[96,119],"mean":[98],"ratings":[101],"two":[104],"types":[106],"relationship":[109],"between":[110],"ratings.":[115],"Lastly,":[116],"it":[117],"think-aloud":[120],"observations":[121],"11":[123],"students":[124],"both":[126],"write-code":[131],"results":[135],"from":[136],"an":[137],"end-of-course":[138],"student":[139],"survey.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
