{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119394424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445188","title":"Expanding Explainability: Towards Social Transparency in AI systems","display_name":"Expanding Explainability: Towards Social Transparency in AI systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119394424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445188","mag":"3119394424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.04719","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010875544","display_name":"Upol Ehsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-0409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upol Ehsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024320659","display_name":"Q. Vera Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-7196"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. Vera Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026028381","display_name":"Michael M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-163X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160315","display_name":"The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions","ror":"https://ror.org/04pvzz946","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210160315","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Interactions IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Interactions IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061883150","display_name":"Mark Riedl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-6588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark O. Riedl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011883289","display_name":"Justin D. Weisz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-2398"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin D. Weisz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research AI, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research AI, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":56.4391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":459,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99967008,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.8770337700843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.8580422401428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.649296760559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.49622875452041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.49557435512542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4839635193347931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4473153054714203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.44042107462882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.376140296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16512805223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.08692428469657898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.8770337700843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.8580422401428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.649296760559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49622875452041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49557435512542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4839635193347931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4473153054714203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.44042107462882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.376140296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16512805223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08692428469657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.04719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04719","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.04719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.04719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04719","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.04719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8278834604","display_name":"FW-HTF-RL: Collaborative Research: Future expert work in the age of \"black box\", data-intensive, and algorithmically augmented healthcare","funder_award_id":"1928586","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29249083","https://openalex.org/W284513564","https://openalex.org/W942274081","https://openalex.org/W1530022427","https://openalex.org/W1534673680","https://openalex.org/W1602132975","https://openalex.org/W1604801388","https://openalex.org/W1901980143","https://openalex.org/W1903964690","https://openalex.org/W1908150177","https://openalex.org/W1936290004","https://openalex.org/W1971373602","https://openalex.org/W1971771969","https://openalex.org/W1973620415","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1986936900","https://openalex.org/W1990992533","https://openalex.org/W1991095634","https://openalex.org/W1993404314","https://openalex.org/W2018528947","https://openalex.org/W2021370805","https://openalex.org/W2024559213","https://openalex.org/W2027757106","https://openalex.org/W2045403175","https://openalex.org/W2046702772","https://openalex.org/W2047287762","https://openalex.org/W2050896993","https://openalex.org/W2079019484","https://openalex.org/W2086038483","https://openalex.org/W2095270559","https://openalex.org/W2105154619","https://openalex.org/W2109962300","https://openalex.org/W2111971407","https://openalex.org/W2116136245","https://openalex.org/W2124100711","https://openalex.org/W2127240213","https://openalex.org/W2138937859","https://openalex.org/W2147329770","https://openalex.org/W2149896351","https://openalex.org/W2154157725","https://openalex.org/W2155735325","https://openalex.org/W2155987308","https://openalex.org/W2162239230","https://openalex.org/W2172052405","https://openalex.org/W2224422582","https://openalex.org/W2296463440","https://openalex.org/W2317293732","https://openalex.org/W2328418989","https://openalex.org/W2334592145","https://openalex.org/W2337430557","https://openalex.org/W2397156396","https://openalex.org/W2556006062","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2618132268","https://openalex.org/W2627159663","https://openalex.org/W2788362053","https://openalex.org/W2792015483","https://openalex.org/W2795530988","https://openalex.org/W2796133875","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2898911770","https://openalex.org/W2899827632","https://openalex.org/W2909596867","https://openalex.org/W2909938751","https://openalex.org/W2912457762","https://openalex.org/W2916797267","https://openalex.org/W2928433165","https://openalex.org/W2935781565","https://openalex.org/W2942073295","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2960259221","https://openalex.org/W2962790223","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963395533","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W2964108846","https://openalex.org/W2964125683","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2965446359","https://openalex.org/W2972059645","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2982773700","https://openalex.org/W2982915530","https://openalex.org/W2992923261","https://openalex.org/W2995887567","https://openalex.org/W2999637955","https://openalex.org/W2999765337","https://openalex.org/W3001062618","https://openalex.org/W3001248429","https://openalex.org/W3001754608","https://openalex.org/W3001765450","https://openalex.org/W3003696480","https://openalex.org/W3009578469","https://openalex.org/W3009834419","https://openalex.org/W3010300896","https://openalex.org/W3013160799","https://openalex.org/W3016099278","https://openalex.org/W3019489177","https://openalex.org/W3028689275","https://openalex.org/W3030350595","https://openalex.org/W3032816739","https://openalex.org/W3039652951","https://openalex.org/W3041968715","https://openalex.org/W3081258743","https://openalex.org/W3092184901","https://openalex.org/W3097001800","https://openalex.org/W3098054859","https://openalex.org/W3101792976","https://openalex.org/W3103751997","https://openalex.org/W3104847483","https://openalex.org/W3120532656","https://openalex.org/W3122517388","https://openalex.org/W3122778363","https://openalex.org/W3125633690","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3163411042","https://openalex.org/W3197347140","https://openalex.org/W4206210655","https://openalex.org/W4212795873","https://openalex.org/W4232529295","https://openalex.org/W4239477683","https://openalex.org/W4242247308","https://openalex.org/W4255780832","https://openalex.org/W4288101946","https://openalex.org/W4288359828","https://openalex.org/W4288414189","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4298185589","https://openalex.org/W4398786193","https://openalex.org/W4405481378","https://openalex.org/W6813275162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600697036","https://openalex.org/W1601337804","https://openalex.org/W4392983437","https://openalex.org/W2035858348","https://openalex.org/W2155106162","https://openalex.org/W2010047220","https://openalex.org/W2004235806","https://openalex.org/W2152083270","https://openalex.org/W2552595315","https://openalex.org/W4231598561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"AI-powered":[1],"systems":[2,26],"increasingly":[3],"mediate":[4],"consequential":[5],"decision-making,":[6,108,124],"their":[7],"explainability":[8],"is":[9],"critical":[10],"for":[11],"end-users":[12],"to":[13,99,136],"take":[14,41],"informed":[15,57],"and":[16,50,79,94,103,109,129],"accountable":[17],"actions.":[18],"Explanations":[19],"in":[20,82,121],"human-human":[21],"interactions":[22],"are":[23,27],"socially-situated.":[24],"AI":[25,33,77],"often":[28],"socio-organizationally":[29],"embedded.":[30],"However,":[31],"Explainable":[32],"(XAI)":[34],"approaches":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"predominantly":[38],"algorithm-centered.":[39],"We":[40,87],"a":[42,55,83,96],"developmental":[43],"step":[44],"towards":[45],"socially-situated":[46],"XAI":[47,141],"by":[48,142],"introducing":[49],"exploring":[51],"Social":[52],"Transparency":[53],"(ST),":[54],"sociotechnically":[56],"perspective":[58],"that":[59],"incorporates":[60],"the":[61,106,137,144],"socio-organizational":[62],"context":[63],"into":[64],"explaining":[65],"AI-mediated":[66],"decision-making.":[67],"To":[68],"explore":[69],"ST":[70,93,116],"conceptually,":[71],"we":[72],"conducted":[73],"interviews":[74],"with":[75],"29":[76],"users":[78],"practitioners":[80],"grounded":[81],"speculative":[84],"design":[85,90,145],"scenario.":[86],"suggested":[88],"constitutive":[89],"elements":[91],"of":[92,139,147],"developed":[95],"conceptual":[97],"framework":[98,113],"unpack":[100],"ST\u2019s":[101],"effect":[102],"implications":[104],"at":[105],"technical,":[107],"organizational":[110,126],"level.":[111],"The":[112],"showcases":[114],"how":[115],"can":[117],"potentially":[118],"calibrate":[119],"trust":[120],"AI,":[122],"improve":[123],"facilitate":[125],"collective":[127],"actions,":[128],"cultivate":[130],"holistic":[131],"explainability.":[132],"Our":[133],"work":[134],"contributes":[135],"discourse":[138],"Human-Centered":[140],"expanding":[143],"space":[146],"XAI.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":138},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-06-25T08:15:23.626066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
