{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163823280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445157","title":"Don\u2019t You Know That You\u2019re Toxic: Normalization of Toxicity in Online Gaming","display_name":"Don\u2019t You Know That You\u2019re Toxic: Normalization of Toxicity in Online Gaming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163823280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445157","mag":"3163823280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445157","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstreams/b2c0614a-5de9-48ec-b407-61961639646d/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031906548","display_name":"Nicole A. Beres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-7994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicole A Beres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Computer Interaction Lab University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Computer Interaction Lab University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033203092","display_name":"Julian Frommel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Frommel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086681154","display_name":"Elizabeth Reid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2628-5257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Computer Interaction Lab University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Computer Interaction Lab University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012723133","display_name":"Regan L. Mandryk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-6616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regan L Mandryk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009714254","display_name":"Madison Klarkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-770X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison Klarkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031906548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.3419,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99802524,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7290850877761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6577889919281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5190709233283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.5127654671669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity","display_name":"Toxicity","score":0.4978048801422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.48594391345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4453474283218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.34267657995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30945804715156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17342635989189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.10360151529312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07363438606262207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7290850877761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6577889919281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5190709233283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5127654671669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.4978048801422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.48594391345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4453474283218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34267657995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30945804715156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17342635989189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.10360151529312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07363438606262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411764.3445157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445157","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/13676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10388/13676","pdf_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstreams/b2c0614a-5de9-48ec-b407-61961639646d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196867","display_name":"University Library (University of Saskatchewan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","host_organization_name":"University of Saskatchewan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/420617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/420617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/13676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10388/13676","pdf_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstreams/b2c0614a-5de9-48ec-b407-61961639646d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196867","display_name":"University Library (University of Saskatchewan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","host_organization_name":"University of Saskatchewan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310865","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163823280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163823280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17222722","https://openalex.org/W1605430516","https://openalex.org/W1974740257","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1999334137","https://openalex.org/W2018751222","https://openalex.org/W2026538728","https://openalex.org/W2026708449","https://openalex.org/W2042093593","https://openalex.org/W2042918486","https://openalex.org/W2043316506","https://openalex.org/W2050299884","https://openalex.org/W2058673351","https://openalex.org/W2074435585","https://openalex.org/W2076656661","https://openalex.org/W2078178105","https://openalex.org/W2105717202","https://openalex.org/W2114295585","https://openalex.org/W2127693804","https://openalex.org/W2128952337","https://openalex.org/W2130529515","https://openalex.org/W2136253554","https://openalex.org/W2138632606","https://openalex.org/W2150849589","https://openalex.org/W2156049933","https://openalex.org/W2160600179","https://openalex.org/W2168477510","https://openalex.org/W2254483045","https://openalex.org/W2408438569","https://openalex.org/W2507954145","https://openalex.org/W2767190323","https://openalex.org/W2780915667","https://openalex.org/W2896333074","https://openalex.org/W2898272590","https://openalex.org/W2898518202","https://openalex.org/W2915797213","https://openalex.org/W2921859338","https://openalex.org/W2945753627","https://openalex.org/W2972399853","https://openalex.org/W2998983832","https://openalex.org/W3011615502","https://openalex.org/W3016830640","https://openalex.org/W3028206683","https://openalex.org/W3085087735","https://openalex.org/W3123895079","https://openalex.org/W4231416875","https://openalex.org/W4292810003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321276295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"game":[1,44,81],"toxicity,":[2],"endemic":[3],"to":[4,92,130],"online":[5,16,80,146],"play,":[6],"represents":[7],"a":[8,66,87],"pervasive":[9],"and":[10,23,37,54,75,125],"complex":[11],"problem.":[12],"Antisocial":[13],"behaviours":[14],"in":[15,145],"play":[17],"directly":[18],"harm":[19],"player":[20,60],"wellbeing,":[21],"enjoyment,":[22],"retention\u2014but":[24],"research":[25],"has":[26],"also":[27,95],"revealed":[28],"that":[29,63,97,122],"some":[30],"players":[31,98],"normalize":[32],"toxicity":[33,53,144],"as":[34,83,108,113,116],"an":[35],"inextricable":[36],"acceptable":[38],"element":[39],"of":[40,52,111,134,143],"the":[41,131,140],"competitive":[42],"video":[43,147],"experience.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49,94],"explore":[50],"perceptions":[51],"how":[55],"they":[56,105],"are":[57],"predicted":[58],"by":[59],"traits,":[61],"demonstrating":[62],"participants":[64],"reporting":[65,101],"higher":[67],"tendency":[68],"towards":[69],"Conduct":[70],"Reconstrual,":[71],"Distorting":[72],"Consequences,":[73],"Dehumanization,":[74],"Toxic":[76],"Online":[77],"Disinhibition":[78],"perceive":[79],"interactions":[82],"less":[84],"toxic.":[85],"Through":[86],"thematic":[88],"analysis":[89],"on":[90],"willingness":[91],"report,":[93],"demonstrate":[96],"abstain":[99],"from":[100],"toxic":[102],"content":[103],"because":[104],"view":[106],"it":[107],"acceptable,":[109],"typical":[110],"games,":[112],"banter,":[114],"or":[115],"not":[117],"their":[118],"concern.":[119],"We":[120],"propose":[121],"these":[123],"traits":[124],"themes":[126],"represent":[127],"contributing":[128],"factors":[129],"cyclical":[132],"normalization":[133],"toxicity.":[135],"These":[136],"findings":[137],"further":[138],"highlight":[139],"multifaceted":[141],"nature":[142],"games.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
