{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160949731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451767","title":"Delivery Ghost: Effects of Language Immersion and Interactivity in a Language Learning Game","display_name":"Delivery Ghost: Effects of Language Immersion and Interactivity in a Language Learning Game","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160949731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451767","mag":"3160949731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030107856","display_name":"Ji Yong Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-908X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Yong Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science Cornell University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science Cornell University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071175163","display_name":"Erik Andersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Andersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Cornell University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Cornell University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071778778","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 F. Kizilcec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-5546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rene F. Kizilcec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science Cornell University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science Cornell University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80365968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactivity","display_name":"Interactivity","score":0.8611384034156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.703116238117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6124880313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.5848684310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.48424145579338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.44630002975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.41753679513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3743780553340912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.2693858742713928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144430266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839721","display_name":"Interactivity","level":2,"score":0.8611384034156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.703116238117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6124880313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.5848684310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.48424145579338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.44630002975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41753679513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3743780553340912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2693858742713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73142286","https://openalex.org/W1519325475","https://openalex.org/W1644003768","https://openalex.org/W1970217653","https://openalex.org/W1980850924","https://openalex.org/W1989842645","https://openalex.org/W2013289037","https://openalex.org/W2029705137","https://openalex.org/W2073033765","https://openalex.org/W2080998423","https://openalex.org/W2088266455","https://openalex.org/W2122519738","https://openalex.org/W2123471895","https://openalex.org/W2139906480","https://openalex.org/W2144596371","https://openalex.org/W2165057222","https://openalex.org/W2218287383","https://openalex.org/W2222010999","https://openalex.org/W2260856181","https://openalex.org/W2290217614","https://openalex.org/W2292354155","https://openalex.org/W2294871102","https://openalex.org/W2507382110","https://openalex.org/W2582775127","https://openalex.org/W2588040260","https://openalex.org/W2610875001","https://openalex.org/W2725813749","https://openalex.org/W2793853407","https://openalex.org/W2795459863","https://openalex.org/W2795497578","https://openalex.org/W2798529283","https://openalex.org/W2803536098","https://openalex.org/W2960946687","https://openalex.org/W2964499307","https://openalex.org/W2997352442","https://openalex.org/W3031554226","https://openalex.org/W3126413462","https://openalex.org/W3216914778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578944177","https://openalex.org/W2994128463","https://openalex.org/W161987970","https://openalex.org/W1836877808","https://openalex.org/W3003494408","https://openalex.org/W3180578405","https://openalex.org/W4285386510","https://openalex.org/W1975921740","https://openalex.org/W2003734918","https://openalex.org/W2897552383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,107,116,119,123],"the":[2,18,117,146],"most":[3,30],"effective":[4],"ways":[5],"to":[6,12,39,53,57,143],"learn":[7],"a":[8,50,64,149],"second":[9],"language":[10,31,33,43],"is":[11,22,26],"immerse":[13],"oneself":[14],"in":[15,17,88,125],"it":[16,21],"country":[19],"where":[20],"spoken.":[23],"While":[24],"this":[25],"not":[27],"feasible":[28],"for":[29],"learners,":[32,59],"learning":[34,44,75,93,109,113,144],"games":[35],"may":[36],"be":[37],"able":[38],"replicate":[40],"an":[41],"immersive":[42],"experience.":[45],"We":[46,103],"developed":[47],"Delivery":[48],"Ghost,":[49],"web-based":[51],"game":[52],"teach":[54],"Mandarin":[55],"Chinese":[56],"beginner-level":[58,147],"including":[60],"complete":[61],"beginners.":[62],"In":[63],"2x2":[65],"experiment":[66],"(N=159),":[67],"we":[68],"tested":[69],"how":[70],"immersion":[71,120,139],"and":[72,79,111,127,138],"interactivity":[73,128,137],"affect":[74],"gains":[76,94,110],"(pre-post":[77],"test)":[78],"experiences":[80,114],"(enjoyment,":[81],"flow,":[82],"perceived":[83],"learning,":[84],"cognitive":[85],"load).":[86],"Participants":[87],"all":[89],"conditions":[90],"showed":[91],"significant":[92],"even":[95],"though":[96],"no":[97],"explicit,":[98],"lecture-style":[99],"teaching":[100],"was":[101],"provided.":[102],"also":[104],"found":[105],"evidence":[106],"substantial":[108],"positive":[112],"independent":[115],"level":[118],"(i.e.,":[121,129],"availability":[122],"hints":[124],"English)":[126],"animation":[130],"vs.":[131],"gameplay).":[132],"These":[133],"results":[134],"suggest":[135],"that":[136],"are":[140],"less":[141],"critical":[142],"at":[145],"than":[148],"well-structured":[150],"curriculum.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
