{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160207827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451752","title":"Quantifying Novice Behavior, Experience, and Mental Effort in Code Puzzle Pathways","display_name":"Quantifying Novice Behavior, Experience, and Mental Effort in Code Puzzle Pathways","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160207827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451752","mag":"3160207827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451752","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451752","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063796166","display_name":"J. A. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-591X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042259261","display_name":"Caitlin Kelleher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin Kelleher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6209938526153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.521930456161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-model","display_name":"Mental model","score":0.431751012802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39141297340393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31011974811553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.2847692370414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2119584083557129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6209938526153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.521930456161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982912361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851867","display_name":"Mental model","level":2,"score":0.431751012802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39141297340393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31011974811553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2847692370414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2119584083557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451752","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451752","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5059908789","display_name":"BPEC: Collaborative Research: Creating Personalized Learning Pathways by Managing Cognitive Load","funder_award_id":"1440996","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160207827.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160207827.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490094820","https://openalex.org/W1589525026","https://openalex.org/W1924814192","https://openalex.org/W1975464614","https://openalex.org/W1985824294","https://openalex.org/W1992722608","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2016757206","https://openalex.org/W2046966022","https://openalex.org/W2053778972","https://openalex.org/W2059227461","https://openalex.org/W2079172301","https://openalex.org/W2081811286","https://openalex.org/W2083344440","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2117756735","https://openalex.org/W2124965434","https://openalex.org/W2126153334","https://openalex.org/W2131057562","https://openalex.org/W2135917740","https://openalex.org/W2145922147","https://openalex.org/W2203736954","https://openalex.org/W2508349037","https://openalex.org/W2545952627","https://openalex.org/W2734452930","https://openalex.org/W2759196065","https://openalex.org/W2766230222","https://openalex.org/W2913144876","https://openalex.org/W2940995469","https://openalex.org/W2975687524","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3099723811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"puzzles":[1,15],"are":[2,16],"an":[3],"increasingly":[4],"popular":[5],"approach":[6],"to":[7,10,114,128],"introducing":[8],"programming":[9],"young":[11],"learners.":[12],"Today,":[13],"code":[14,44,59],"predominantly":[17],"introduced":[18],"through":[19],"static":[20,58],"puzzle":[21,45,60],"sequences":[22],"with":[23],"increasing":[24],"difficulty.":[25],"However,":[26],"adaptive":[27,43,63,75,133],"systems":[28,46],"in":[29,81],"other":[30],"domains":[31],"have":[32,94],"improved":[33],"learning":[34],"efficiency.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"takes":[38],"a":[39,55,89,95],"step":[40],"towards":[41,88],"developing":[42],"based":[47],"on":[48,69,98],"controlling":[49],"learners\u2019":[50,116],"cognitive":[51,67],"load.":[52],"We":[53],"conducted":[54],"study":[56],"comparing":[57],"pathways":[61,64],"and":[62,109,124],"that":[65],"predict":[66],"load":[68],"future":[70,132],"puzzles.":[71],"While":[72],"the":[73],"trialled":[74],"recommendation":[76],"policy":[77,91],"did":[78],"not":[79],"result":[80],"better":[82],"learning,":[83],"our":[84,111],"findings":[85],"point":[86],"us":[87],"different":[90],"which":[92],"may":[93],"greater":[96],"effect":[97],"learner":[99],"experience.":[100],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"we":[103],"identify":[104],"predictors":[105],"of":[106],"student":[107],"dropout,":[108],"use":[110,125],"experimental":[112],"data":[113],"quantify":[115],"puzzle-solving":[117],"experiences":[118],"into":[119],"7":[120],"principal":[121],"component":[122],"properties":[123],"these":[126],"factors":[127],"suggest":[129],"approaches":[130],"for":[131],"systems.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}