{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162050433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451563","title":"Demonstrating User Authentication via Electrical Muscle Stimulation","display_name":"Demonstrating User Authentication via Electrical Muscle Stimulation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162050433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451563","mag":"3162050433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451563","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451563","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451563","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416078","display_name":"Yuxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9256-5815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044586758","display_name":"Zhuolin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-8818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuolin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087124790","display_name":"R Abbou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5292-6935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Abbou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052549454","display_name":"Pedro Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-7084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108248360","display_name":"Ben Y. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8909-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Y. Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111456411","display_name":"Haitao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100416078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2836,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59776199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6361486911773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-muscle-stimulation","display_name":"Electrical muscle stimulation","score":0.5505778789520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.48360031843185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.47227251529693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3473235070705414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20581558346748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.15286299586296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07290801405906677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6361486911773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653580","display_name":"Electrical muscle stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5505778789520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.48360031843185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.47227251529693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3473235070705414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20581558346748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15286299586296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07290801405906677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451563","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451563","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451563","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411763.3451563","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5196101624","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Medium: Hidden Rules in Neural Networks as Attacks and Adversarial Defenses","funder_award_id":"1949650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5542833830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-194965","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G669743532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1949650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162050433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162050433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974329625","https://openalex.org/W1974761534","https://openalex.org/W2007554699","https://openalex.org/W2023269348","https://openalex.org/W2115627867","https://openalex.org/W2131662572","https://openalex.org/W2155459695","https://openalex.org/W2217371521","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2294539961","https://openalex.org/W2467604901","https://openalex.org/W2534783843","https://openalex.org/W2611884502","https://openalex.org/W2745896134","https://openalex.org/W2756062904","https://openalex.org/W2795986681","https://openalex.org/W2808446212","https://openalex.org/W2884068903","https://openalex.org/W2983060509","https://openalex.org/W3161983576","https://openalex.org/W4254569426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1985187680","https://openalex.org/W2128395442","https://openalex.org/W2047842389","https://openalex.org/W2047515513","https://openalex.org/W2660419367","https://openalex.org/W1981838627","https://openalex.org/W2172025803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,32,110],"novel":[3],"modality":[4],"for":[5],"active":[6],"biometric":[7],"authentication:":[8],"electrical":[9,35,60],"muscle":[10],"stimulation":[11,61,138],"(EMS).":[12],"To":[13],"explore":[14],"this,":[15],"we":[16,22],"engineered":[17],"an":[18],"interactive":[19],"system,":[20],"which":[21],"call":[23],"ElectricAuth,":[24],"that":[25],"stimulates":[26],"the":[27,42,50,58,126],"user\u2019s":[28,43],"forearm":[29],"muscles":[30],"with":[31],"sequence":[33],"of":[34,137,142],"impulses":[36],"(i.e.,":[37,47],"EMS":[38],"challenge)":[39],"and":[40,78,83,107,120],"measures":[41],"involuntary":[44],"finger":[45],"movements":[46,65],"response":[48],"to":[49,91],"challenge).":[51],"ElectricAuth":[52,88,123],"leverages":[53],"EMS\u2019s":[54],"intersubject":[55],"variability,":[56],"where":[57],"same":[59,127],"results":[62],"in":[63,66,76,130,133],"different":[64,67],"users":[68,90],"because":[69],"everybody\u2019s":[70],"physiology":[71],"is":[72],"unique":[73],"(e.g.,":[74],"differences":[75],"bone":[77],"muscular":[79],"structure,":[80],"skin":[81],"resistance":[82],"composition,":[84],"etc.).":[85],"As":[86],"such,":[87],"allows":[89],"login":[92],"without":[93],"memorizing":[94],"passwords":[95],"or":[96],"PINs.":[97],"ElectricAuth\u2019s":[98],"challenge-response":[99],"structure":[100],"makes":[101],"it":[102,139],"secure":[103],"against":[104],"data":[105],"breaches":[106],"replay":[108],"attacks,":[109],"major":[111],"vulnerability":[112],"facing":[113],"today\u2019s":[114],"biometrics":[115],"such":[116],"as":[117],"facial":[118],"recognition":[119],"fingerprints.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"never":[124],"reuses":[125],"challenge":[128],"twice":[129],"authentications":[131],"\u2013":[132],"just":[134],"one":[135,141],"second":[136],"encodes":[140],"68M":[143],"possible":[144],"challenges.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}