{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163575828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451525","title":"Directly Controlling the Perceived Difficulty of a Shooting Game by the Addition of Fake Enemy Bullets","display_name":"Directly Controlling the Perceived Difficulty of a Shooting Game by the Addition of Fake Enemy Bullets","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163575828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451525","mag":"3163575828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744180","display_name":"Jiale Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0688-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, United States and ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, United States and ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100744180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.8015882968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5917598605155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5784444808959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.47101935744285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4282504618167877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3602050542831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1932489275932312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.8015882968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5917598605155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5784444808959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.47101935744285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4282504618167877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3602050542831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1932489275932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3411763.3451525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035565520","https://openalex.org/W2108631245","https://openalex.org/W2268470919","https://openalex.org/W2613059487","https://openalex.org/W2763407384","https://openalex.org/W2898522410","https://openalex.org/W2898638632","https://openalex.org/W4237844050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4388150944","https://openalex.org/W4242235492","https://openalex.org/W4387985143","https://openalex.org/W4362599004","https://openalex.org/W4368232262","https://openalex.org/W2808242528","https://openalex.org/W1567638270","https://openalex.org/W4285163392","https://openalex.org/W3110049015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adjusting":[0],"the":[1,4,9,15,21,38,43,57,69,97,104,110,115,129,134],"balance":[2],"between":[3],"player\u2019s":[5,22],"game":[6,82,145],"skill":[7],"and":[8,90,142],"difficulty":[10,40,59,71,112,131,136],"level":[11,113],"is":[12,26,48,53],"one":[13],"of":[14],"most":[16],"important":[17],"factors":[18],"to":[19,30,35,55,139],"improve":[20],"engagement.":[23],"However,":[24],"it":[25,52],"still":[27],"quite":[28],"rare":[29],"find":[31],"works":[32],"that":[33,65,103,126],"aim":[34],"straightly":[36],"control":[37,56,128],"subjective":[39],"perceived":[41,58,111,130],"by":[42,61],"player.":[44],"Our":[45],"research":[46,141],"question":[47],"whether":[49],"or":[50],"not":[51,67,95],"possible":[54],"just":[60],"adding":[62],"enemy":[63,86],"objects":[64],"do":[66,94],"raise":[68],"actual":[70,135],"level.":[72],"To":[73],"investigate":[74],"this":[75],"issue,":[76],"we":[77],"designed":[78],"a":[79,121],"simple":[80],"shooting":[81],"with":[83],"two":[84],"\u2018fake":[85],"bullets\u2019:":[87],"Unreachable":[88],"Bullets":[89],"Non-collisionable":[91],"Bullets,":[92],"which":[93],"damage":[96],"player":[98],"character.":[99],"The":[100],"experiment":[101],"suggests":[102],"non-collisionable":[105],"bullet":[106,117],"can":[107,127],"efficiently":[108],"increase":[109],"but":[114],"unreachable":[116],"does":[118],"not.":[119],"Such":[120],"study":[122],"in":[123,144],"novel":[124],"techniques":[125],"without":[132],"changing":[133],"could":[137],"contribute":[138],"both":[140],"practices":[143],"design.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}