{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088035867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409251.3411728","title":"Assessing the Use of Physiological Signals and Facial Behaviour to Gauge Drivers\u2019 Emotions as a UX Metric in Automotive User Studies","display_name":"Assessing the Use of Physiological Signals and Facial Behaviour to Gauge Drivers\u2019 Emotions as a UX Metric in Automotive User Studies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088035867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409251.3411728","mag":"3088035867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3409251.3411728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409251.3411728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040921402","display_name":"Christine Spencer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031316037","display_name":"Ibrahim Alper Koc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164829","display_name":"Sensatech Designs (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kykkq24","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164829"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Alper Koc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensum, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensum, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070687894","display_name":"Chihiro Suga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135257","display_name":"Volvo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e7zen21","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4210135257"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chihiro Suga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Cars, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101460186","display_name":"Alexander Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7809-8181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135257","display_name":"Volvo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e7zen21","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4210135257"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Cars, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023113737","display_name":"Anupama Mahesh Dhareshwar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupama Mahesh Dhareshwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Cars, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073061071","display_name":"Elin Franz\u00e9n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elin Franz\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Cars, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084543469","display_name":"Maria Iozzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135257","display_name":"Volvo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e7zen21","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4210135257"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Iozzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Cars, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068604578","display_name":"Gawain Morrison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164829","display_name":"Sensatech Designs (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kykkq24","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164829"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gawain Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensum, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensum, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091374367","display_name":"Gary McKeown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-641X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary McKeown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70206037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"78","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7537531852722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge","display_name":"Gauge (firearms)","score":0.7020285725593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6905635595321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5187221169471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4655763506889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26763319969177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16990134119987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.08796775341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.06295064091682434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7537531852722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40976572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873","display_name":"Gauge (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.7020285725593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6905635595321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5187221169471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4655763506889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26763319969177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16990134119987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.08796775341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.06295064091682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3409251.3411728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409251.3411728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/a915779d-c3bf-4b83-96a0-bd8402489fe9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/a915779d-c3bf-4b83-96a0-bd8402489fe9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Spencer , C , Koc , I A , Suga , C , Lee , A , Dhareshwar , A M , Franz\u00e9n , E , Iozzo , M , Morrison , G &amp; McKeown , G 2020 , Assessing the use of physiological signals and facial behaviour to gauge drivers emotions as a ux metric in automotive user studies . in Adjunct Proceedings - 12th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2020 . International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI): Proceedings , Association for Computing Machinery , pp. 78-81 , 12th ACM International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2020 , Washington, Virtual , United States , 21/09/2020 . https://doi.org/10.1145/3409251.3411728","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530155851","https://openalex.org/W1532516087","https://openalex.org/W1967827969","https://openalex.org/W2029334490","https://openalex.org/W2033613984","https://openalex.org/W2057987167","https://openalex.org/W2059362318","https://openalex.org/W2085904945","https://openalex.org/W2115549353","https://openalex.org/W2117866167","https://openalex.org/W2119160928","https://openalex.org/W2128821764","https://openalex.org/W2149628368","https://openalex.org/W2486806851","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2592649550","https://openalex.org/W2912483755","https://openalex.org/W2941095674","https://openalex.org/W2943337555","https://openalex.org/W2996442045","https://openalex.org/W3003266444","https://openalex.org/W3160396917","https://openalex.org/W4236592118","https://openalex.org/W4251359632","https://openalex.org/W4254687493","https://openalex.org/W4399575213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4382644535","https://openalex.org/W2522768275","https://openalex.org/W2352938035","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2351672553","https://openalex.org/W2373392303","https://openalex.org/W2765894405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"have":[1],"shown":[2],"that":[3],"drivers\u2019":[4,36,63,91,138],"emotions":[5,139],"can":[6],"be":[7],"assessed":[8],"via":[9],"changes":[10,53],"in":[11,30,54,70,140],"their":[12,48,55],"physiology":[13],"and":[14,59,65,101,120],"facial":[15,60],"behaviour.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"examined":[19],"this":[20],"approach":[21],"as":[22,72],"a":[23,75,96],"means":[24],"of":[25,47,89,115,130,137],"gauging":[26],"user":[27,33],"experience":[28],"(UX)":[29],"an":[31],"automotive":[32,141],"study.":[34],"36":[35],"responses":[37],"to":[38],"typical":[39],"UX-style":[40],"questions":[41,109],"were":[42,68],"compared":[43],"with":[44,84,134],"computational":[45],"estimates":[46,82,136],"emotional":[49],"state,":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"cardiac,":[56],"respiratory,":[57],"electrodermal":[58],"signals.":[61],"The":[62,93,125],"arousal":[64,119],"valence":[66,122],"levels":[67,114],"monitored":[69],"real-time":[71],"they":[73],"drove":[74],"23-mile":[76],"route":[77],"around":[78],"Sunnyvale,":[79],"CA.":[80],"These":[81],"corresponded":[83],"two":[85],"independent":[86],"observers\u2019":[87],"judgments":[88],"the":[90,99,107,128],"emotions.":[92],"results":[94],"highlighted":[95],"disparity":[97],"between":[98],"self-report":[100,132],"algorithmic":[102,123],"scores\u2014the":[103],"drivers":[104],"who":[105],"answered":[106],"UX":[108,142],"more":[110],"positively":[111],"experienced":[112],"higher":[113,118],"stress\u2014evidenced":[116],"by":[117],"lower":[121],"scores.":[124],"findings":[126],"highlight":[127],"value":[129],"supplementing":[131],"measures":[133],"objective":[135],"research.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
