{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044413741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410666","title":"Evaluating Effects of Cognitive Load, Takeover Request Lead Time, and Traffic Density on Drivers\u2019 Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving","display_name":"Evaluating Effects of Cognitive Load, Takeover Request Lead Time, and Traffic Density on Drivers\u2019 Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044413741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410666","mag":"3044413741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3409120.3410666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027093356","display_name":"Na Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-2451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642924","display_name":"Jinyong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-7852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047702220","display_name":"Feng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-073X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063886560","display_name":"Elizabeth Pulver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145483","display_name":"State Farm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04c2h1p08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145483"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Pulver","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Companies, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Companies, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025730901","display_name":"Dawn M. Tilbury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2510-0556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn M. Tilbury","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084955075","display_name":"Lionel Robert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-2601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel P. Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101834256","display_name":"Anuj K. Pradhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-4208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuj K. Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067895217","display_name":"X. Jessie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Jessie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9744541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"66","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5503944754600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.5474510788917542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.43828269839286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.377422571182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35615161061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10225850343704224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5503944754600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5474510788917542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.43828269839286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.377422571182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35615161061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10225850343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3409120.3410666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568916748","https://openalex.org/W1946851622","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W2006082670","https://openalex.org/W2011390362","https://openalex.org/W2031897186","https://openalex.org/W2117074369","https://openalex.org/W2123803218","https://openalex.org/W2166028065","https://openalex.org/W2180416515","https://openalex.org/W2240306106","https://openalex.org/W2301212998","https://openalex.org/W2340043522","https://openalex.org/W2514903130","https://openalex.org/W2561023719","https://openalex.org/W2565891751","https://openalex.org/W2613334841","https://openalex.org/W2743280949","https://openalex.org/W2770450151","https://openalex.org/W2795577589","https://openalex.org/W2808886894","https://openalex.org/W2810305473","https://openalex.org/W2907283208","https://openalex.org/W2919609362","https://openalex.org/W2920919283","https://openalex.org/W2953747392","https://openalex.org/W2974515736","https://openalex.org/W2974622205","https://openalex.org/W3003266444","https://openalex.org/W4229744169","https://openalex.org/W4288417277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4255463199","https://openalex.org/W4281691423","https://openalex.org/W2411039299","https://openalex.org/W1856410221","https://openalex.org/W2318949977","https://openalex.org/W2334139353","https://openalex.org/W2390279801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"conditionally":[1],"automated":[2],"driving,":[3],"drivers":[4,83,110],"engaged":[5],"in":[6,94,129],"non-driving":[7],"related":[8],"tasks":[9],"(NDRTs)":[10],"have":[11,136],"difficulty":[12],"taking":[13],"over":[14],"control":[15],"of":[16,65,70,141],"the":[17,26,139],"vehicle":[18],"when":[19,91],"requested.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22],"aimed":[23],"to":[24,119,126,145],"examine":[25],"relationships":[27],"between":[28],"takeover":[29,35,56,60,66,71,86,127,148],"performance":[30,77,90],"and":[31,40,73,75,88,102,122],"drivers\u2019":[32,62],"cognitive":[33,96,113],"load,":[34,97,114],"request":[36],"(TOR)":[37],"lead":[38,100],"time,":[39,101],"traffic":[41,105,132],"density.":[42],"We":[43],"conducted":[44],"a":[45],"driving":[46,120],"simulation":[47],"experiment":[48],"with":[49],"80":[50],"participants,":[51],"where":[52],"they":[53,92,115],"experienced":[54],"8":[55],"events.":[57],"For":[58],"each":[59],"event,":[61],"subjective":[63],"ratings":[64],"readiness,":[67],"objective":[68],"measures":[69],"timing":[72],"quality,":[74],"NDRT":[76],"were":[78,93],"collected.":[79],"Results":[80],"showed":[81],"that":[82],"had":[84,111],"lower":[85],"readiness":[87],"worse":[89],"high":[95,130],"short":[98],"TOR":[99],"heavy":[103],"oncoming":[104,131],"density":[106],"conditions.":[107,133],"Interestingly,":[108],"if":[109],"low":[112],"paid":[116],"more":[117,124],"attention":[118],"environments":[121],"responded":[123],"quickly":[125],"requests":[128],"The":[134],"results":[135],"implications":[137],"for":[138],"design":[140],"in-vehicle":[142],"alert":[143],"systems":[144],"help":[146],"improve":[147],"performance.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
