{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085133347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410646","title":"A Design Space for External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"A Design Space for External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085133347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410646","mag":"3085133347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3409120.3410646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026729075","display_name":"Mark Colley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-5029"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Colley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Media Informatics Ulm University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Media Informatics Ulm University, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089009282","display_name":"Enrico Rukzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4213-2226"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Rukzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Media Informatics Ulm University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Media Informatics Ulm University, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026729075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96603872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"212","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6992989182472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6322169303894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5969946980476379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5724121332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-theory","display_name":"Communication theory","score":0.5367642045021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5071187019348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.48466140031814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.426127552986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24835613369941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23898527026176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12929028272628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.12773218750953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.10057416558265686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6992989182472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6322169303894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5969946980476379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5724121332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3716254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83966","display_name":"Communication theory","level":2,"score":0.5367642045021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5071187019348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.48466140031814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.426127552986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24835613369941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23898527026176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12929028272628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12773218750953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.10057416558265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3409120.3410646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161583026","https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W382718712","https://openalex.org/W618253055","https://openalex.org/W653040430","https://openalex.org/W1487521087","https://openalex.org/W1511710432","https://openalex.org/W1573990886","https://openalex.org/W1587867616","https://openalex.org/W1902765146","https://openalex.org/W1970369045","https://openalex.org/W1992663154","https://openalex.org/W2000823235","https://openalex.org/W2002169978","https://openalex.org/W2009364303","https://openalex.org/W2010361629","https://openalex.org/W2011524692","https://openalex.org/W2017320617","https://openalex.org/W2032166943","https://openalex.org/W2042259499","https://openalex.org/W2055461300","https://openalex.org/W2067986167","https://openalex.org/W2068244634","https://openalex.org/W2072379725","https://openalex.org/W2073523764","https://openalex.org/W2102908087","https://openalex.org/W2105887466","https://openalex.org/W2131537280","https://openalex.org/W2169374048","https://openalex.org/W2276315934","https://openalex.org/W2406690627","https://openalex.org/W2479380448","https://openalex.org/W2524115939","https://openalex.org/W2579303910","https://openalex.org/W2671993478","https://openalex.org/W2699182498","https://openalex.org/W2733402942","https://openalex.org/W2735990860","https://openalex.org/W2738392822","https://openalex.org/W2741931273","https://openalex.org/W2747698533","https://openalex.org/W2753750642","https://openalex.org/W2756874185","https://openalex.org/W2757876960","https://openalex.org/W2759132063","https://openalex.org/W2759166613","https://openalex.org/W2761435849","https://openalex.org/W2763172022","https://openalex.org/W2782064812","https://openalex.org/W2791167929","https://openalex.org/W2794233897","https://openalex.org/W2795538447","https://openalex.org/W2797859902","https://openalex.org/W2804003984","https://openalex.org/W2809902926","https://openalex.org/W2810761604","https://openalex.org/W2881217838","https://openalex.org/W2890132085","https://openalex.org/W2890958932","https://openalex.org/W2892028528","https://openalex.org/W2897265995","https://openalex.org/W2901419506","https://openalex.org/W2917265935","https://openalex.org/W2922896969","https://openalex.org/W2940962072","https://openalex.org/W2943591006","https://openalex.org/W2950578663","https://openalex.org/W2956202932","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W2964488471","https://openalex.org/W2967017817","https://openalex.org/W2969118802","https://openalex.org/W2973459083","https://openalex.org/W2973648487","https://openalex.org/W2973998486","https://openalex.org/W2974135463","https://openalex.org/W2974679499","https://openalex.org/W2974832674","https://openalex.org/W2974871515","https://openalex.org/W2989183161","https://openalex.org/W2991006905","https://openalex.org/W2999042988","https://openalex.org/W3001293072","https://openalex.org/W3013340098","https://openalex.org/W3029469337","https://openalex.org/W3031349547","https://openalex.org/W3032508677","https://openalex.org/W3093671359","https://openalex.org/W4231538853","https://openalex.org/W4237699003","https://openalex.org/W4240278694","https://openalex.org/W4243500438","https://openalex.org/W4249718987","https://openalex.org/W4254088935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185469136","https://openalex.org/W127837312","https://openalex.org/W2922283411","https://openalex.org/W4384789578","https://openalex.org/W4387421317","https://openalex.org/W2032362539","https://openalex.org/W3088635177","https://openalex.org/W2092253419","https://openalex.org/W335838002","https://openalex.org/W3123257232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicles":[1,14],"are":[2],"on":[3,78,82,92],"the":[4,8,30,49],"verge":[5],"of":[6,63,106],"entering":[7],"mass":[9],"market.":[10],"Communication":[11],"between":[12],"these":[13,43],"with":[15,67,74,89],"vulnerable":[16],"road":[17],"users":[18],"could":[19],"increase":[20],"safety":[21],"and":[22,36,40,70,85],"ease":[23],"their":[24],"introduction":[25],"by":[26],"helping":[27],"to":[28],"understand":[29],"vehicle\u2019s":[31],"intention.":[32],"Numerous":[33],"communication":[34,53,83],"modalities":[35],"messages":[37],"were":[38],"proposed":[39],"evaluated.":[41],"However,":[42],"explorations":[44],"do":[45],"not":[46,102],"account":[47],"for":[48],"factors":[50],"described":[51],"in":[52],"theory.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"a":[58,64,71,79,86],"two-part":[59],"design":[60],"space":[61],"consisting":[62],"concept":[65],"part":[66,73],"3":[68],"dimensions":[69,76],"situation":[72],"6":[75],"based":[77],"literature":[80],"review":[81],"theory":[84],"focus":[87],"group":[88],"experts":[90],"(N=4)":[91],"communication.":[93,108],"We":[94],"found":[95],"that":[96],"most":[97],"work":[98],"until":[99],"now":[100],"does":[101],"address":[103],"situation-specific":[104],"aspects":[105],"such":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}