{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135887345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432434","title":"Dual Modality Instruction & Programming Environments","display_name":"Dual Modality Instruction & Programming Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135887345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432434","mag":"3135887345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3408877.3432434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432434","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063102478","display_name":"Jeremiah Blanchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah Blanchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090227974","display_name":"Christina Gardner\u2010McCune","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4397-9162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Gardner-McCune","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036443161","display_name":"Lisa Anthony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-2952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Anthony","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"481","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.7315319180488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7258615493774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5916805863380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.47432559728622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.46519172191619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.43667224049568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43008074164390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.37189531326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3386247754096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24500879645347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24282896518707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16781902313232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.08326852321624756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.7315319180488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7258615493774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5916805863380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47432559728622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.46519172191619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.43667224049568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43008074164390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37189531326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3386247754096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24500879645347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24282896518707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16781902313232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.08326852321624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3408877.3432434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432434","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1648883014","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1986659921","https://openalex.org/W1996290308","https://openalex.org/W2030768171","https://openalex.org/W2044464600","https://openalex.org/W2055304684","https://openalex.org/W2061286116","https://openalex.org/W2091698004","https://openalex.org/W2133368199","https://openalex.org/W2563882447","https://openalex.org/W2604166014","https://openalex.org/W2798056406","https://openalex.org/W2998162410","https://openalex.org/W3007087563","https://openalex.org/W3008347017","https://openalex.org/W3022458846","https://openalex.org/W4244311850","https://openalex.org/W4244499215","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385859805","https://openalex.org/W2530972254","https://openalex.org/W2374013449","https://openalex.org/W73545470","https://openalex.org/W2364381299","https://openalex.org/W2374430585","https://openalex.org/W3144423903","https://openalex.org/W2377397762","https://openalex.org/W2980881520","https://openalex.org/W2461480269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dual-modality":[0],"blocks-text":[1],"programming":[2,11,98],"environments":[3,16,41,59,64],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"promise":[6],"in":[7,39,46,86,117],"helping":[8],"students":[9,36,56,94,137,166],"learn":[10,38,45],"and":[12,60,74,134,171],"computational":[13],"thinking.":[14],"These":[15],"link":[17],"blocks-based":[18],"visualizations":[19],"to":[20,52,66,106,156],"text-based":[21],"representations,":[22],"which":[23],"are":[24],"more":[25,147],"typical":[26],"of":[27,103,149],"production":[28],"languages.":[29],"Since":[30],"prior":[31,97,115,121],"work":[32,178],"shows":[33],"that":[34,93,144],"some":[35],"who":[37,44],"dual-modality":[40,58,127,169],"outperform":[42],"those":[43],"text":[47],"on":[48],"assessments,":[49],"we":[50,142],"sought":[51],"understand":[53,131],"specifically":[54],"how":[55,165,172],"use":[57,102,148],"what":[61],"support":[62],"these":[63],"provide":[65],"the":[67,104,126,140,150],"learning":[68],"process.":[69],"We":[70,91],"analyzed":[71],"survey":[72],"responses":[73],"tool":[75],"logs":[76],"collected":[77],"during":[78],"a":[79,82,87],"study":[80],"at":[81],"large":[83],"public":[84],"university":[85],"CS1":[88],"course":[89],"(N=425).":[90],"found":[92,143],"from":[95],"all":[96],"experience":[99,116,122],"backgrounds":[100],"made":[101,146],"ability":[105],"visualize":[107],"code":[108,132],"structures":[109],"by":[110],"using":[111],"blocks.":[112],"Students":[113],"with":[114,168],"blocks":[118,151],"or":[119,160],"no":[120],"said":[123],"they":[124,145,173],"felt":[125],"instruction":[128],"helped":[129],"them":[130],"structure":[133],"meaning.":[135],"As":[136],"progressed":[138],"through":[139],"class,":[141],"mode's":[152],"reference":[153],"palettes":[154],"than":[155],"its":[157],"drag-and-drop":[158],"facilities":[159],"mode-switching":[161],"features.":[162],"By":[163],"identifying":[164],"interact":[167],"tools":[170],"impact":[174],"student":[175],"understanding,":[176],"this":[177],"provides":[179],"guidance":[180],"for":[181],"classroom":[182],"instructors.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}