{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135728214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432425","title":"Measuring Students' Sense of Belonging in Introductory CS Courses","display_name":"Measuring Students' Sense of Belonging in Introductory CS Courses","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135728214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432425","mag":"3135728214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3408877.3432425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072493862","display_name":"Sukanya Kannan Moudgalya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-778X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukanya Kannan Moudgalya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039124902","display_name":"Chris Mayfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1853-9085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11883440","display_name":"James Madison University","ror":"https://ror.org/028pmsz77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11883440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Mayfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11883440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051928815","display_name":"Aman Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-2033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aman Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013182224","display_name":"Helen H. Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156220630","display_name":"Westminster University","ror":"https://ror.org/059rnte75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156220630"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen H. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156220630"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036594412","display_name":"Clif Kussmaul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-7117"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clif Kussmaul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Mango Associates, LLC, Bethlehem, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Mango Associates, LLC, Bethlehem, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99187045,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"445","last_page":"451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5270764231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.51809161901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4990553855895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-sense","display_name":"Number sense","score":0.44233253598213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.44224244356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-research","display_name":"Survey research","score":0.43860626220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.4188459515571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3350261449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.18929237127304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.1282445788383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.10336941480636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-studies","display_name":"Gender studies","score":0.07799017429351807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5270764231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.51809161901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4990553855895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173600914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663819","display_name":"Number sense","level":2,"score":0.44233253598213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.44224244356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.43860626220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4188459515571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3350261449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18929237127304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.1282445788383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.10336941480636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.07799017429351807}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3408877.3432425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6530219550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1626765","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969459640","https://openalex.org/W1976946817","https://openalex.org/W1985673699","https://openalex.org/W1999980997","https://openalex.org/W2028803307","https://openalex.org/W2053606278","https://openalex.org/W2056648275","https://openalex.org/W2061512339","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2129501685","https://openalex.org/W2133397560","https://openalex.org/W2158382820","https://openalex.org/W2160643014","https://openalex.org/W2331403633","https://openalex.org/W2406629959","https://openalex.org/W2503924012","https://openalex.org/W2527035325","https://openalex.org/W2728500950","https://openalex.org/W2795475395","https://openalex.org/W2800938674","https://openalex.org/W2801524690","https://openalex.org/W2806119487","https://openalex.org/W2807954451","https://openalex.org/W2810587610","https://openalex.org/W2955730230","https://openalex.org/W2966086133","https://openalex.org/W3134942688","https://openalex.org/W4205140928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2766290954","https://openalex.org/W1991910139","https://openalex.org/W2048913892","https://openalex.org/W2511049608","https://openalex.org/W4254921522","https://openalex.org/W4294817178","https://openalex.org/W2351345652","https://openalex.org/W2004023957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4,117,148],"a":[5,50,61,84,200],"sense":[6,39,109,165,187,205,232],"of":[7,19,40,53,110,143,166,170,188,206,233],"belonging":[8,41,111,189,207,234],"is":[9,22],"very":[10],"important":[11],"for":[12,25,67,87,149],"students":[13,27,151],"to":[14,37,90,103,126,156,241],"continue":[15],"in":[16,28,42,152,186,203,230,235],"their":[17,121,124,164],"field":[18],"study.":[20],"This":[21],"particularly":[23],"true":[24],"minoritized":[26,150],"introductory":[29],"CS":[30,43,129,158,236],"courses.":[31,130],"The":[32],"methods":[33],"used":[34,49],"so":[35],"far":[36],"study":[38],"have":[44,48],"been":[45],"qualitative":[46],"or":[47],"small":[51],"number":[52],"survey":[54,64,80,89,114],"items.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,173,196,212,218],"validate":[60],"large":[62],"30-item":[63],"originally":[65],"developed":[66],"Mathematics.":[68],"We":[69,82,105,146,182],"collected":[70],"data":[71],"from":[72],"21":[73],"institutions,":[74],"with":[75,120,163],"30":[76],"faculty":[77],"and":[78,101,115,123,140,192],"1165":[79],"responses.":[81],"present":[83],"factor":[85,210],"analysis":[86],"the":[88,107,113,141,154,184,209,221],"highlight":[91],"how":[92],"it":[93,118],"measures":[94],"factors":[95],"like":[96],"'Membership',":[97],"'Acceptance',":[98],"'Affect',":[99],"'Trust'":[100],"'Desire":[102],"Fade'.":[104],"measured":[106],"students'":[108,137,231],"using":[112],"found":[116,147],"correlates":[119],"learning":[122,144,171],"interest":[125,155],"pursue":[127,157],"more":[128,161],"These":[131,224],"correlations":[132],"were":[133],"nuanced":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"gender,":[138],"race,":[139],"type":[142,169],"environment.":[145],"particular,":[153],"courses":[159],"was":[160,175],"correlated":[162],"belonging.":[167],"A":[168],"environment":[172],"examined":[174,219],"Process":[176],"Oriented":[177],"Guided":[178],"Inquiry":[179],"Learning":[180],"(POGIL).":[181],"studied":[183],"differences":[185,216],"between":[190],"POGIL":[191,237],"non-POGIL":[193],"classrooms.":[194],"Although":[195],"did":[197,213],"not":[198],"find":[199,214],"significant":[201,215],"difference":[202],"overall":[204],"at":[208,220],"level,":[211],"when":[217,239],"item":[222],"level.":[223],"results":[225],"shed":[226],"light":[227],"about":[228],"nuances":[229],"classrooms":[238],"compared":[240],"other":[242],"approaches.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}