{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134455255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406522.3446027","title":"An Intent Taxonomy for Questions Asked in Web Search","display_name":"An Intent Taxonomy for Questions Asked in Web Search","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134455255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406522.3446027","mag":"3134455255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406522.3446027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406522.3446027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/An_Intent_Taxonomy_for_Questions_Asked_in_Web_Search/27590367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015615642","display_name":"B. Barla Cambazo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-3819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Barla Cambazoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017632892","display_name":"Leila Tavakoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-4052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Tavakoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085925326","display_name":"Falk Scholer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9094-0810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falk Scholer","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072614956","display_name":"Mark Sanderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Sanderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067236943","display_name":"Bruce Croft","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Croft","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.8366514444351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507792711257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6714646816253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.629054069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5409437417984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3210908770561218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8366514444351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507792711257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6714646816253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.629054069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5409437417984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3210908770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406522.3446027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406522.3446027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27590367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/An_Intent_Taxonomy_for_Questions_Asked_in_Web_Search/27590367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27590367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/An_Intent_Taxonomy_for_Questions_Asked_in_Web_Search/27590367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2759510716","display_name":"Finding answers for complex questions","funder_award_id":"DP180102687","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W348133106","https://openalex.org/W1783519389","https://openalex.org/W1929483471","https://openalex.org/W1994929824","https://openalex.org/W2013575152","https://openalex.org/W2023436293","https://openalex.org/W2026583934","https://openalex.org/W2031614194","https://openalex.org/W2053528567","https://openalex.org/W2061504941","https://openalex.org/W2070246124","https://openalex.org/W2099548400","https://openalex.org/W2100111574","https://openalex.org/W2104206603","https://openalex.org/W2104217798","https://openalex.org/W2116624262","https://openalex.org/W2122536076","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2133975759","https://openalex.org/W2147293034","https://openalex.org/W2149048832","https://openalex.org/W2156037541","https://openalex.org/W2168020595","https://openalex.org/W2181251292","https://openalex.org/W2182262368","https://openalex.org/W2293707295","https://openalex.org/W2326058813","https://openalex.org/W2550010073","https://openalex.org/W2572506594","https://openalex.org/W2740887992","https://openalex.org/W2783525524","https://openalex.org/W2788493644","https://openalex.org/W2790088909","https://openalex.org/W2795192208","https://openalex.org/W2798904209","https://openalex.org/W2892081520","https://openalex.org/W2931686991","https://openalex.org/W2944762291","https://openalex.org/W2951534261","https://openalex.org/W3005485822","https://openalex.org/W3041537557","https://openalex.org/W3104171466","https://openalex.org/W4234188104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W4400595174","https://openalex.org/W2349635380","https://openalex.org/W4353089801","https://openalex.org/W2353819554","https://openalex.org/W2359488321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,44],"new,":[3],"multi-faceted":[4],"taxonomy":[5,49,69,109],"to":[6,43,117,145],"classify":[7],"questions":[8,41],"asked":[9],"in":[10,89,139],"web":[11,45],"search":[12,46,53],"engines":[13],"based":[14,34],"on":[15,35],"the":[16,30,36,48,51,81,86,91,99,108,134],"question":[17,25],"intent,":[18],"types":[19,23],"of":[20,24,29,38,55,61,84,93,107],"entities":[21],"mentioned,":[22],"words,":[26],"and":[27,57,65,77],"granularity":[28],"expected":[31,66],"answer.":[32],"Built":[33],"inspection":[37],"1,000":[39],"real-life":[40],"issued":[42],"engine,":[47],"reflects":[50],"recent":[52],"behavior":[54],"users":[56],"enables":[58],"deep":[59],"understanding":[60],"user":[62],"intents,":[63],"goals,":[64],"answers.":[67],"This":[68],"is":[70,78],"more":[71,132],"fine-grained":[72],"than":[73],"previous":[74],"query":[75],"taxonomies,":[76],"designed":[79],"with":[80],"ultimate":[82],"goal":[83],"reducing":[85],"inherent":[87],"ambiguity":[88],"determining":[90],"intent":[92,136],"questions.":[94],"In":[95],"addition,":[96],"we":[97],"describe":[98],"formal":[100],"procedure":[101,115],"for":[102],"conducting":[103],"an":[104,146],"editorial":[105],"study":[106],"including":[110],"its":[111],"evaluation.":[112],"The":[113],"adopted":[114],"aims":[116],"increase":[118],"assessor":[119],"agreement":[120,141],"without":[121],"incurring":[122],"too":[123],"much":[124],"overhead.":[125],"Our":[126],"results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"that,":[129],"despite":[130],"being":[131],"fine-grained,":[133],"proposed":[135],"categories":[137],"result":[138],"higher":[140],"between":[142],"assessors":[143],"compared":[144],"existing,":[147],"commonly":[148],"used":[149],"taxonomy.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
