{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168828171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3465357","title":"The ghost in the radiation: robust encodings of the black hole interior (invited paper)","display_name":"The ghost in the radiation: robust encodings of the black hole interior (invited paper)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168828171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3465357","mag":"3168828171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406325.3465357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3465357","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005803611","display_name":"Isaac H. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac H. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045396694","display_name":"Eugene Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4275-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061874000","display_name":"John Preskill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-4762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Preskill","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9273999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","score":0.5660035610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5630220770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-complementarity","display_name":"Black hole complementarity","score":0.5628855228424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hawking-radiation","display_name":"Hawking radiation","score":0.5610811710357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-hole","display_name":"White hole","score":0.49676018953323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-body-radiation","display_name":"Black-body radiation","score":0.4581955075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremal-black-hole","display_name":"Extremal black hole","score":0.43041667342185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.32498830556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-black-hole","display_name":"Micro black hole","score":0.3194376826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.28850215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21717584133148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.18544894456863403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.5660035610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5630220770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115026806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13582215","display_name":"Black hole complementarity","level":5,"score":0.5628855228424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40745267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497396","display_name":"Hawking radiation","level":3,"score":0.5610811710357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144951741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131468","display_name":"White hole","level":3,"score":0.49676018953323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157909335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900097","display_name":"Black-body radiation","level":3,"score":0.4581955075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104062141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601295","display_name":"Extremal black hole","level":3,"score":0.43041667342185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.32498830556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188655511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609501","display_name":"Micro black hole","level":4,"score":0.3194376826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.28850215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21717584133148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.18544894456863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406325.3465357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3465357","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:116051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220802-839157000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631527538","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems","funder_award_id":"CE170100009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G507237395","display_name":"The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter: Advancing the Entanglement Frontier","funder_award_id":"1733907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G535080370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-19- 1-0360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","display_name":"Simons Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3101266899","https://openalex.org/W1434984888","https://openalex.org/W3103372819","https://openalex.org/W2086398491","https://openalex.org/W3151789959","https://openalex.org/W3102612638","https://openalex.org/W1056815815","https://openalex.org/W1858337046","https://openalex.org/W2009113976","https://openalex.org/W1903592607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24,59],"reconsider":[1],"the":[2,20,27,56,62,68,78,88,95,109,117,126,129,143,154,161,174,181,185,207],"black":[3,21,34,79,97,110,131,162,176],"hole":[4,22,35,80,163,177],"firewall":[5,199],"puzzle,":[6],"emphasizing":[7],"that":[8,26,39],"quantum":[9,52,121,204],"error-correction,":[10],"computational":[11,122],"complexity,":[12],"and":[13,99],"pseudorandomness":[14,159],"are":[15,107,150],"crucial":[16],"concepts":[17],"for":[18],"understanding":[19],"interior.":[23,81],"assume":[25],"Hawking":[28,91],"radiation":[29,57,69,186],"emitted":[30,93],"by":[31,49,94,200],"an":[32,75,190],"old":[33,96],"is":[36,85,100,165,178,187],"pseudorandom,":[37,189],"meaning":[38],"it":[40],"cannot":[41],"be":[42,194],"distinguished":[43],"from":[44,168],"a":[45,65,135,198,202],"perfectly":[46],"thermal":[47],"state":[48],"any":[50],"efficient":[51,113],"computation":[53,205],"acting":[54,115,141],"on":[55,116,142],"alone.":[58],"then":[60],"infer":[61],"existence":[63],"of":[64,67,77,128,138],"subspace":[66],"system":[70],"which":[71,149],"we":[72],"interpret":[73],"as":[74,171,173],"encoding":[76],"This":[82],"encoded":[83,144],"interior":[84,164],"entangled":[86],"with":[87,120,134],"late":[89],"outgoing":[90],"quanta":[92],"hole,":[98,132],"inaccessible":[101],"to":[102,147,196,206],"computationally":[103],"bounded":[104],"observers":[105,170],"who":[106],"outside":[108],"hole.":[111],"Specifically,":[112],"operations":[114],"radiation,":[118],"those":[119],"complexity":[123],"polynomial":[124],"in":[125,153],"entropy":[127],"remaining":[130,175],"commute":[133],"complete":[136],"set":[137],"logical":[139],"operators":[140],"interior,":[145],"up":[146],"corrections":[148],"exponentially":[151],"small":[152],"entropy.":[155],"Thus,":[156],"under":[157],"our":[158],"assumption,":[160],"well":[166],"protected":[167],"exterior":[169,191],"long":[172],"macroscopic.":[179],"On":[180],"other":[182],"hand,":[183],"if":[184],"not":[188],"observer":[192],"may":[193],"able":[195],"create":[197],"applying":[201],"polynomial-time":[203],"radiation.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}