{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082860856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3451093","title":"Indistinguishability obfuscation from well-founded assumptions","display_name":"Indistinguishability obfuscation from well-founded assumptions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082860856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3451093","mag":"3082860856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406325.3451093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3451093","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3406325.3451093","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3406325.3451093","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033799874","display_name":"Aayush Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-380X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aayush Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112276639","display_name":"Huijia Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-4817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijia Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103835895","display_name":"Amit Sahai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-9600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Sahai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.5445,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":234,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99710238,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"60","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.9654664993286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.755655825138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7138850688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6158624291419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5972456932067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5636739730834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44394057989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.4392385184764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34798121452331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31971827149391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16179820895195007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.9654664993286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.755655825138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138850688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6158624291419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5972456932067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5636739730834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44394057989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.4392385184764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34798121452331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31971827149391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16179820895195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406325.3451093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3451093","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3406325.3451093","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3406325.3451093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406325.3451093","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3406325.3451093","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334164","display_name":"Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California Berkeley","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082860856.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082860856.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16762060","https://openalex.org/W25973253","https://openalex.org/W56544557","https://openalex.org/W61175307","https://openalex.org/W115773529","https://openalex.org/W288529411","https://openalex.org/W1507263262","https://openalex.org/W1524807471","https://openalex.org/W1564468028","https://openalex.org/W1566509562","https://openalex.org/W1764134075","https://openalex.org/W1819824216","https://openalex.org/W1856342626","https://openalex.org/W1964557415","https://openalex.org/W1972913305","https://openalex.org/W1984153141","https://openalex.org/W1987129710","https://openalex.org/W1992282993","https://openalex.org/W2002676260","https://openalex.org/W2008701790","https://openalex.org/W2014944833","https://openalex.org/W2032842968","https://openalex.org/W2038761522","https://openalex.org/W2039677636","https://openalex.org/W2043820054","https://openalex.org/W2045395359","https://openalex.org/W2047256651","https://openalex.org/W2054904172","https://openalex.org/W2061949491","https://openalex.org/W2067047774","https://openalex.org/W2082618810","https://openalex.org/W2090190190","https://openalex.org/W2101230806","https://openalex.org/W2113717903","https://openalex.org/W2115221574","https://openalex.org/W2125046124","https://openalex.org/W2127212631","https://openalex.org/W2141395382","https://openalex.org/W2148888468","https://openalex.org/W2152926062","https://openalex.org/W2161214158","https://openalex.org/W2165364253","https://openalex.org/W2171001107","https://openalex.org/W2172174332","https://openalex.org/W2176159699","https://openalex.org/W2179825755","https://openalex.org/W2186160814","https://openalex.org/W2293203605","https://openalex.org/W2294251911","https://openalex.org/W2294460196","https://openalex.org/W2295140071","https://openalex.org/W2295806187","https://openalex.org/W2296067100","https://openalex.org/W2403440963","https://openalex.org/W2403527116","https://openalex.org/W2415206359","https://openalex.org/W2416910455","https://openalex.org/W2466495210","https://openalex.org/W2500250645","https://openalex.org/W2532800474","https://openalex.org/W2550653362","https://openalex.org/W2553598483","https://openalex.org/W2571532866","https://openalex.org/W2574497079","https://openalex.org/W2575553372","https://openalex.org/W2592047449","https://openalex.org/W2592460471","https://openalex.org/W2620921418","https://openalex.org/W2738773056","https://openalex.org/W2739769990","https://openalex.org/W2752822516","https://openalex.org/W2765370551","https://openalex.org/W2766337303","https://openalex.org/W2767035167","https://openalex.org/W2769171744","https://openalex.org/W2769703037","https://openalex.org/W2792195188","https://openalex.org/W2794501668","https://openalex.org/W2799225539","https://openalex.org/W2886713421","https://openalex.org/W2889421748","https://openalex.org/W2890999648","https://openalex.org/W2893633413","https://openalex.org/W2898600488","https://openalex.org/W2899403849","https://openalex.org/W2911933141","https://openalex.org/W2913060025","https://openalex.org/W2945147690","https://openalex.org/W2952338482","https://openalex.org/W2952604022","https://openalex.org/W2953744829","https://openalex.org/W2967113598","https://openalex.org/W2969010219","https://openalex.org/W2972019079","https://openalex.org/W2986933415","https://openalex.org/W3012960191","https://openalex.org/W3013759903","https://openalex.org/W3029079436","https://openalex.org/W3037017048","https://openalex.org/W3037475319","https://openalex.org/W3082880382","https://openalex.org/W3089736144","https://openalex.org/W3091400285","https://openalex.org/W3121827341","https://openalex.org/W3127165609","https://openalex.org/W3203755439","https://openalex.org/W6696990510","https://openalex.org/W6713456085","https://openalex.org/W6778217556","https://openalex.org/W6783461947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224216661","https://openalex.org/W2132360941","https://openalex.org/W3210347767","https://openalex.org/W2066014542","https://openalex.org/W67940504","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2152144666","https://openalex.org/W1819617256","https://openalex.org/W2596984206","https://openalex.org/W2328675598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indistinguishability":[0],"obfuscation,":[1],"introduced":[2],"by":[3],"[Barak":[4],"et.":[5],"al.":[6],"Crypto":[7],"2001],":[8],"aims":[9],"to":[10,30,66],"compile":[11],"programs":[12],"into":[13],"unintelligible":[14],"ones":[15],"while":[16],"preserving":[17],"functionality.":[18],"It":[19],"is":[20],"a":[21,32],"fascinating":[22],"and":[23,38],"powerful":[24],"object":[25],"that":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"shown":[29],"enable":[31],"host":[33],"of":[34,42,73],"new":[35],"cryptographic":[36],"goals":[37],"beyond.":[39],"However,":[40],"constructions":[41],"indistinguishability":[43,68],"obfuscation":[44,69],"have":[45],"remained":[46],"elusive,":[47],"with":[48],"all":[49],"other":[50],"proposals":[51],"relying":[52],"on":[53],"heuristics":[54],"or":[55],"newly":[56],"conjectured":[57],"hardness":[58,72],"assumptions.":[59,76],"In":[60],"this":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63],"show":[64],"how":[65],"construct":[67],"from":[70],"subexponential":[71],"four":[74],"well-founded":[75],"We":[77],"prove:":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}