{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153624757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463106","title":"Learning Robust Dense Retrieval Models from Incomplete Relevance Labels","display_name":"Learning Robust Dense Retrieval Models from Incomplete Relevance Labels","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153624757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463106","mag":"3153624757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3404835.3463106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063715134","display_name":"Prafull Prakash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prafull Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066490162","display_name":"Julian Killingback","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2280-8759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Killingback","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101457713","display_name":"Hamed Zamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-3340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Zamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88578754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1728","last_page":"1732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8478630781173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.8233299255371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6595638394355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6181733012199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5674537420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5592331290245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-feedback","display_name":"Relevance feedback","score":0.5431621670722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5409534573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.5118333697319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5092557668685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4575537443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43446433544158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3944820463657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.3057718276977539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8478630781173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.8233299255371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6595638394355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6181733012199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5674537420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5592331290245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779532271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445558","display_name":"Relevance feedback","level":4,"score":0.5431621670722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5409534573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.5118333697319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5092557668685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4575537443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43446433544158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3944820463657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.3057718276977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3404835.3463106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482214997","https://openalex.org/W1964348731","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1979459060","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2093390569","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2169213601","https://openalex.org/W2536015822","https://openalex.org/W2539671052","https://openalex.org/W2610935556","https://openalex.org/W2889757348","https://openalex.org/W2897754576","https://openalex.org/W2922386288","https://openalex.org/W2951434086","https://openalex.org/W3021397474","https://openalex.org/W3130740619","https://openalex.org/W3212575067","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W4231856373","https://openalex.org/W4246858749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127142483","https://openalex.org/W1606474234","https://openalex.org/W2034539438","https://openalex.org/W1572278127","https://openalex.org/W1589134610","https://openalex.org/W2124645781","https://openalex.org/W2184057774","https://openalex.org/W4385565564","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W2138488530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"deployment":[1],"of":[2,90,157],"efficient":[3],"billion-scale":[4],"approximate":[5],"nearest":[6],"neighbor":[7],"(ANN)":[8],"search":[9,35],"algorithms":[10],"on":[11,147],"GPUs":[12],"has":[13],"motivated":[14],"information":[15],"retrieval":[16,42,125],"researchers":[17],"to":[18,116],"develop":[19],"neural":[20],"ranking":[21],"models":[22,43],"that":[23],"learn":[24],"low-dimensional":[25],"dense":[26,41,124],"representations":[27],"for":[28,36,50,78,123,142],"queries":[29],"and":[30,32,137],"documents":[31],"use":[33],"ANN":[34,64],"retrieval.":[37],"However,":[38],"optimizing":[39],"these":[40],"poses":[44],"several":[45],"challenges":[46],"including":[47],"negative":[48,61,75,120],"sampling":[49,62,76,121],"(pair-wise)":[51],"training.":[52],"A":[53],"recent":[54],"model,":[55],"called":[56],"ANCE,":[57],"successfully":[58],"uses":[59,107],"dynamic":[60],"using":[63],"search.":[65],"This":[66,88],"paper":[67],"improves":[68],"upon":[69],"ANCE":[70],"by":[71],"proposing":[72],"a":[73,108,119,131],"robust":[74],"strategy":[77],"scenarios":[79],"where":[80],"the":[81,148,155],"training":[82,96,136],"data":[83,97],"lacks":[84],"complete":[85,99,113],"relevance":[86,100,114],"annotations.":[87],"is":[89,102],"particular":[91],"importance":[92],"as":[93],"obtaining":[94],"large-scale":[95],"with":[98,112],"judgment":[101],"extremely":[103],"expensive.":[104],"Our":[105,145],"model":[106],"small":[109],"validation":[110],"set":[111],"judgments":[115],"accurately":[117],"estimate":[118],"distribution":[122],"models.":[126],"We":[127],"also":[128],"explore":[129],"leveraging":[130],"lexical":[132],"matching":[133],"signal":[134],"during":[135,140],"pseudo-relevance":[138],"feedback":[139],"evaluation":[141],"improved":[143],"performance.":[144],"experiments":[146],"TREC":[149],"Deep":[150],"Learning":[151],"Track":[152],"benchmarks":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"effectiveness":[156],"our":[158],"solutions.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
