{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155422817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462932","title":"RCD: Relation Map Driven Cognitive Diagnosis for Intelligent Education Systems","display_name":"RCD: Relation Map Driven Cognitive Diagnosis for Intelligent Education Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155422817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462932","mag":"3155422817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3404835.3462932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462932","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103148987","display_name":"Weibo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weibo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453152","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085496384","display_name":"Zhenya Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenya Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014264612","display_name":"Yu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-5523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071296479","display_name":"Haoyang Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-1407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026006461","display_name":"Mu\u2010Chun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-0658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu-Chun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689221","display_name":"Jianhui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032081921","display_name":"Shijin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-7678"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IFLYTEK, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IFLYTEK, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075435632","display_name":"Yu Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-0161"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["IFLYTEK, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IFLYTEK, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103148987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98646464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"501","last_page":"510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.8042305707931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6573459506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6500833630561829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-map","display_name":"Concept map","score":0.6492754817008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.6100828051567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-map","display_name":"Cognitive map","score":0.5882944464683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.5761866569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5574333667755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.549109160900116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4957779347896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49503153562545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-cognitive-map","display_name":"Fuzzy cognitive map","score":0.49231255054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4170229136943817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4040262699127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3221510052680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10241720080375671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.8042305707931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6573459506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6500833630561829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200287777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830115","display_name":"Concept map","level":2,"score":0.6492754817008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.6100828051567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.5882944464683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5761866569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5574333667755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.549109160900116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4957779347896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49503153562545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511107","display_name":"Fuzzy cognitive map","level":5,"score":0.49231255054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4170229136943817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4040262699127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3221510052680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10241720080375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3404835.3462932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462932","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2307602143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61922073, U20A20229 and 61727809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616464301","https://openalex.org/W1521056252","https://openalex.org/W1536943637","https://openalex.org/W1562078062","https://openalex.org/W1949539601","https://openalex.org/W1993277309","https://openalex.org/W2051963836","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2083045440","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2160920329","https://openalex.org/W2170853093","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2258103373","https://openalex.org/W2292523511","https://openalex.org/W2327262288","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2743104969","https://openalex.org/W2771404308","https://openalex.org/W2787760162","https://openalex.org/W2809418595","https://openalex.org/W2907694604","https://openalex.org/W2907913484","https://openalex.org/W2911286998","https://openalex.org/W2911761300","https://openalex.org/W2946829651","https://openalex.org/W2950764014","https://openalex.org/W2955931418","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962975498","https://openalex.org/W2965857891","https://openalex.org/W2970066309","https://openalex.org/W2980472839","https://openalex.org/W2987183241","https://openalex.org/W2997882704","https://openalex.org/W2998431760","https://openalex.org/W3003195799","https://openalex.org/W3021176691","https://openalex.org/W3021581561","https://openalex.org/W3045200674","https://openalex.org/W3082341085","https://openalex.org/W3101397996","https://openalex.org/W3102281445","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3105136071","https://openalex.org/W3127184636","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4309301211","https://openalex.org/W6600605178","https://openalex.org/W6834781518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372922208","https://openalex.org/W584881664","https://openalex.org/W3023217638","https://openalex.org/W2777396095","https://openalex.org/W2098983012","https://openalex.org/W1992321938","https://openalex.org/W152393904","https://openalex.org/W1661487699","https://openalex.org/W2184475782","https://openalex.org/W2600840850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0,90],"diagnosis":[1,177,205],"(CD)":[2],"is":[3,63],"a":[4,64,85,102,119,136,140,145,152],"fundamental":[5],"issue":[6],"in":[7,40,45,74,80,118,203],"intelligent":[8],"educational":[9,54],"settings,":[10],"which":[11],"aims":[12],"to":[13,129,156,179],"discover":[14],"the":[15,48,70,96,186,196],"mastery":[16],"levels":[17],"of":[18,66,200],"students":[19],"on":[20,191],"different":[21,170],"knowledge":[22],"concepts.":[23],"In":[24],"general,":[25],"most":[26],"previous":[27],"works":[28],"consider":[29],"it":[30],"as":[31,53,115],"an":[32,175],"inter-layer":[33],"interaction":[34,138],"modeling":[35,68,95],"problem,":[36],"e.g.,":[37],"student-exercise":[38,137],"interactions":[39,44],"IRT":[41],"or":[42],"student-concept":[43],"DINA,":[46],"while":[47],"inner-layer":[49,133],"structural":[50,99],"relations,":[51,134],"such":[52],"interdependencies":[55],"among":[56],"concepts,":[57],"are":[58],"still":[59],"underexplored.":[60],"Furthermore,":[61],"there":[62],"lack":[65],"comprehensive":[67],"for":[69],"student-exercise-concept":[71,104],"hierarchical":[72,120],"relations":[73,100],"CD":[75],"systems.":[76],"To":[77],"this":[78,81],"end,":[79],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,108,150,173],"present":[84],"novel":[86],"Relation":[87],"map":[88,143,164],"driven":[89],"Diagnosis":[91],"(RCD)":[92],"framework,":[93],"uniformly":[94],"interactive":[97],"and":[98,113,122,132,144,165,183,198,208],"via":[101],"multi-layer":[103],"relation":[105,127,159],"map.":[106,148],"Specifically,":[107],"first":[109],"represent":[110],"students,":[111],"exercises":[112],"concepts":[114],"individual":[116],"nodes":[117],"layout,":[121],"construct":[123],"three":[124],"well-defined":[125],"local":[126,163],"maps":[128],"incorporate":[130],"inter-":[131],"including":[135],"map,":[139],"concept-exercise":[141],"correlation":[142],"concept":[146],"dependency":[147],"Then,":[149],"leverage":[151],"multi-level":[153],"attention":[154],"network":[155],"integrate":[157],"node-level":[158],"aggregation":[160,168],"inside":[161],"each":[162],"balance":[166],"map-level":[167],"across":[169],"maps.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"design":[174],"extendable":[176],"function":[178],"predict":[180],"students'":[181],"performance":[182],"jointly":[184],"train":[185],"networks.":[187],"Extensive":[188],"experimental":[189],"results":[190],"real-world":[192],"datasets":[193],"clearly":[194],"show":[195],"effectiveness":[197],"extendibility":[199],"our":[201],"RCD":[202],"both":[204],"accuracy":[206],"improvement":[207],"relation-aware":[209],"representation":[210],"learning.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
