{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088381615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409778","title":"Using Ant Colony Optimisation for map generation and improving game balance in the Terra Mystica and Settlers of Catan board games","display_name":"Using Ant Colony Optimisation for map generation and improving game balance in the Terra Mystica and Settlers of Catan board games","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088381615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409778","mag":"3088381615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3409778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026193214","display_name":"Rommel Dias Saraiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1089-0129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125581668","display_name":"Universidade de Fortaleza","ror":"https://ror.org/02ynbzc81","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125581668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rommel Dias Saraiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Fortaleza, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125581668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079212590","display_name":"Alexandr Grichshenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116741","display_name":"Innopolis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7jh107","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandr Grichshenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innopolis University, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innopolis University, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004944009","display_name":"Luiz Jonat\u00e3 Pires de Ara\u00fajo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-7945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116741","display_name":"Innopolis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02b7jh107","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz Jonat\u00e3 Pires de Ara\u00fajo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innopolis University, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innopolis University, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055760744","display_name":"Bonfim Amaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonfim Amaro Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Ceara, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Ceara, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002106042","display_name":"Guilherme Nepomuceno de Carvalho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Nepomuceno de Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Ceara, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Ceara, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49553737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8004264831542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.5833494067192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5050528645515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4967346787452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.48913246393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.4870806038379669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.44093093276023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.43974053859710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-design","display_name":"Video game design","score":0.4236328899860382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-game-theory","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","score":0.4223361909389496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41858386993408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"Game mechanics","score":0.4122653007507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.35877662897109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34259000420570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.12490379810333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07435008883476257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8004264831542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.5833494067192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5050528645515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4967346787452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.48913246393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.4870806038379669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.44093093276023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.43974053859710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47187476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336660","display_name":"Video game design","level":3,"score":0.4236328899860382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102234262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320931","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","level":4,"score":0.4223361909389496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41858386993408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.4122653007507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35877662897109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34259000420570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.12490379810333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07435008883476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3409778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14624541","https://openalex.org/W181183076","https://openalex.org/W1570691242","https://openalex.org/W1573676079","https://openalex.org/W1760293109","https://openalex.org/W1905743806","https://openalex.org/W1989173196","https://openalex.org/W1991912317","https://openalex.org/W2015700853","https://openalex.org/W2029006739","https://openalex.org/W2058569171","https://openalex.org/W2060020482","https://openalex.org/W2082732699","https://openalex.org/W2098033180","https://openalex.org/W2113410615","https://openalex.org/W2124480475","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2152660354","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2168115594","https://openalex.org/W2586326130","https://openalex.org/W2750737324","https://openalex.org/W2889754627","https://openalex.org/W2963690854","https://openalex.org/W2975753391","https://openalex.org/W4301654628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972448646","https://openalex.org/W1515504392","https://openalex.org/W2523494041","https://openalex.org/W1891427008","https://openalex.org/W57172406","https://openalex.org/W4381199393","https://openalex.org/W4200519239","https://openalex.org/W33545662","https://openalex.org/W4205287490","https://openalex.org/W58580010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Game":[0],"balancing":[1,24],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,34,68,85,93,110,119,142],"the":[5,40,89,104,108,111,117,120,159],"most":[6],"challenging":[7],"features":[8],"to":[9,74,125,162],"be":[10,163],"implemented":[11],"in":[12,39,77,103],"a":[13,153],"typical":[14],"game":[15,23,62,130,156,169],"design":[16,58],"process.":[17],"Approaches":[18],"for":[19,88,96,107,132,155],"evaluating":[20],"and":[21,42,50,56,83,128,140,171],"achieving":[22],"include":[25],"extensive":[26],"playtesting":[27],"-":[28,49],"which":[29],"typically":[30],"requires":[31],"several":[32],"iterations":[33],"games":[35,79],"with":[36,167],"subtle":[37],"adjustments":[38],"components":[41],"adopted":[43],"strategies":[44],"that":[45,53,70,80],"resemble":[46],"brute":[47],"force":[48],"algorithmic":[51],"solutions":[52],"use":[54,92],"qualitative":[55],"measurable":[57],"goals":[59],"when":[60,165],"developing":[61],"components.":[63],"The":[64,91,144],"literature":[65],"contains":[66],"examples":[67],"methods":[69,95],"employ":[71],"artificial":[72],"intelligence":[73],"generate":[75,126],"maps":[76,170],"computer":[78],"offer":[81],"balanced":[82],"fairness":[84],"starting":[86],"conditions":[87],"players.":[90],"such":[94],"tabletop":[97,135],"games,":[98,136],"however,":[99],"has":[100],"been":[101],"scarce":[102],"academic":[105],"literature,":[106],"best":[109],"authors\u2019":[112],"knowledge.":[113],"This":[114],"paper":[115],"investigates":[116],"application":[118],"ant":[121],"colony":[122],"optimisation":[123],"metaheuristic":[124],"content":[127],"improving":[129],"balance":[131],"two":[133],"well-known":[134],"namely,":[137],"Terra":[138],"Mystica":[139],"Settlers":[141],"Catan.":[143],"resultant":[145],"configurations":[146],"satisfy":[147],"complex":[148],"game-dependent":[149],"requirements":[150],"while":[151],"optimising":[152],"model":[154],"balancing.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"results":[160],"showed":[161],"promising":[164],"compared":[166],"existing":[168],"setup.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}