{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024613507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409606","title":"Multi-Objective level generator generation with Marahel","display_name":"Multi-Objective level generator generation with Marahel","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024613507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409606","mag":"3024613507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3409606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409606","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3402942.3409606","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3402942.3409606","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025547740","display_name":"Ahmed Khalifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-9432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, United States","New York University; United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University; United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077267552","display_name":"Julian Togelius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3128-4598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Togelius","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, USA","New York University USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.8589503765106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.8524835705757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6554876565933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6386856436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5827115774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-language","display_name":"Intermediate language","score":0.5170267224311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4567497968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4516991972923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4202554523944855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41808706521987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3185068964958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24715372920036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18607193231582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1789933145046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1144377589225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.06384196877479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.055912166833877563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.8589503765106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.8524835705757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6554876565933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6386856436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5827115774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244916","display_name":"Intermediate language","level":3,"score":0.5170267224311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4567497968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4516991972923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4202554523944855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41808706521987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3185068964958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24715372920036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18607193231582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1789933145046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1144377589225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.06384196877479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.055912166833877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3409606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409606","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3402942.3409606","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.08368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08368","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3024613507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08368.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.08368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.08368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3409606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3409606","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3402942.3409606","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4428227406","display_name":"RI: Small: General Intelligence through Algorithm Invention and Selection","funder_award_id":"1717324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024613507.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024613507.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11362415","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1593481303","https://openalex.org/W1923890037","https://openalex.org/W1947011871","https://openalex.org/W1976575031","https://openalex.org/W1989036954","https://openalex.org/W2010269264","https://openalex.org/W2027336637","https://openalex.org/W2083518538","https://openalex.org/W2100170872","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2160237541","https://openalex.org/W2168115594","https://openalex.org/W2285705249","https://openalex.org/W2296218809","https://openalex.org/W2534314849","https://openalex.org/W2577482072","https://openalex.org/W2726805909","https://openalex.org/W2786398131","https://openalex.org/W2897314585","https://openalex.org/W2962878123","https://openalex.org/W2963369679","https://openalex.org/W2963690854","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2964201809","https://openalex.org/W2964223825","https://openalex.org/W2975950938","https://openalex.org/W3002587897","https://openalex.org/W3037640983","https://openalex.org/W4250638048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3088746907","https://openalex.org/W3199753215","https://openalex.org/W3042675266","https://openalex.org/W2053952444","https://openalex.org/W2492924913","https://openalex.org/W2750858375","https://openalex.org/W2963185242","https://openalex.org/W2973225701","https://openalex.org/W2901595945","https://openalex.org/W3097293439","https://openalex.org/W2018495917","https://openalex.org/W2018912616","https://openalex.org/W1972295066","https://openalex.org/W2902481371","https://openalex.org/W1986111822","https://openalex.org/W3118406455","https://openalex.org/W2952656820","https://openalex.org/W141216533","https://openalex.org/W1961499576","https://openalex.org/W2551723742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,26,47],"new":[4],"system":[5],"to":[6,30,46,52,56,70,91],"design":[7],"constructive":[8,16],"level":[9,17],"generators":[10,18,33,67],"by":[11,20],"searching":[12],"the":[13,44,54,65,77,94,99],"space":[14],"of":[15,49,76],"defined":[19],"Marahel":[21,50],"language.":[22],"We":[23,42],"use":[24],"NSGA-II,":[25],"multi-objective":[27],"optimization":[28],"algorithm,":[29],"search":[31],"for":[32,34],"three":[35,82],"different":[36],"problems":[37],"(Binary,":[38],"Zelda,":[39],"and":[40,87],"Sokoban).":[41],"restrict":[43],"representation":[45],"subset":[48],"language":[51],"push":[53],"evolution":[55],"find":[57],"more":[58],"efficient":[59],"generators.":[60],"The":[61],"results":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64],"generated":[66],"were":[68],"able":[69],"achieve":[71],"good":[72],"performance":[73],"on":[74,85,93],"most":[75],"fitness":[78],"functions":[79],"over":[80],"these":[81],"problems.":[83],"However,":[84],"Zelda":[86],"Sokoban":[88],"they":[89],"tend":[90],"depend":[92],"initial":[95],"state":[96],"than":[97],"modifying":[98],"map.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}