{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089072703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402963","title":"Applications of Graph Theory and Probability in the Board Game Ticket to Ride","display_name":"Applications of Graph Theory and Probability in the Board Game Ticket to Ride","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089072703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402963","mag":"3089072703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3402963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402963","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085055033","display_name":"R. Teal Witter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-3767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195575238","display_name":"Middlebury College","ror":"https://ror.org/0217hb928","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195575238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Teal Witter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middlebury College, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middlebury College, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195575238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111009614","display_name":"Alex Lyford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195575238","display_name":"Middlebury College","ror":"https://ror.org/0217hb928","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195575238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Lyford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middlebury College, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middlebury College, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195575238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195575238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56795336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ticket","display_name":"Ticket","score":0.8266143798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6935375928878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6745460033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5350350737571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.49863266944885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42877477407455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-graph","display_name":"Random graph","score":0.4165850281715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41258400678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23238584399223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1690906286239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.16471067070960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15574529767036438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776540713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7800647","display_name":"Ticket","level":2,"score":0.8266143798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6935375928878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6745460033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5350350737571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.49863266944885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42877477407455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47458327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404","display_name":"Random graph","level":3,"score":0.4165850281715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41258400678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23238584399223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1690906286239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.16471067070960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15574529767036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3402963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402963","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W256937938","https://openalex.org/W1521052258","https://openalex.org/W1991430328","https://openalex.org/W2017463262","https://openalex.org/W2039558711","https://openalex.org/W2156286761","https://openalex.org/W2326741514","https://openalex.org/W2750737324","https://openalex.org/W2794586780","https://openalex.org/W2810807572","https://openalex.org/W2892327512","https://openalex.org/W3007876963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W132856376","https://openalex.org/W4288388931","https://openalex.org/W2892636954","https://openalex.org/W4206805925","https://openalex.org/W4375841483","https://openalex.org/W2022874741","https://openalex.org/W2364431604","https://openalex.org/W2018860124","https://openalex.org/W3112526189","https://openalex.org/W2187418809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,21,100],"the":[1,19,72,76,108,112,122],"board":[2],"game":[3,82],"Ticket":[4,33],"to":[5,9,32,34,117,120],"Ride,":[6],"players":[7,89],"race":[8],"claim":[10],"routes":[11,46],"and":[12,29,39,70],"connect":[13,91],"cities":[14,95],"on":[15,62],"a":[16,50,79,104],"map":[17],"of":[18,75,81,94,111,125],"U.S.":[20],"this":[22,68],"work,":[23],"we":[24,60,85,102],"identify":[25],"winning":[26,52],"strategies":[27],"for":[28,54],"potential":[30],"improvements":[31],"Ride":[35],"by":[36],"applying":[37],"probabilistic":[38],"graph-theoretic":[40],"concepts.":[41],"We":[42],"find":[43],"that":[44],"longer":[45],"are":[47],"overvalued,":[48],"presenting":[49],"simple":[51],"strategy":[53,69],"opportunistic":[55],"players.":[56],"The":[57],"scoring":[58],"scheme":[59],"propose\u2014based":[61],"indicator":[63],"random":[64],"variables\u2014prevents":[65],"exploitation":[66],"from":[67,107],"improves":[71],"competitive":[73],"nature":[74],"game.":[77],"Using":[78],"variety":[80],"data":[83],"visualizations,":[84],"also":[86],"investigate":[87],"why":[88],"who":[90],"particular":[92],"pairs":[93,124],"perform":[96],"better":[97],"than":[98],"others.":[99],"addition,":[101],"build":[103],"statistical":[105],"model":[106],"effective":[109],"resistance":[110],"game\u2019s":[113],"underlying":[114],"graph":[115],"structure":[116],"suggest":[118],"how":[119],"choose":[121],"best":[123],"cities.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
