{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088130808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402943","title":"Collaborative Agent Gameplay in the Pandemic Board Game","display_name":"Collaborative Agent Gameplay in the Pandemic Board Game","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088130808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402943","mag":"3088130808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3402943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11388","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Konstantinos Sfikas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Sfikas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Games University of Malta, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Games University of Malta, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Antonios Liapis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Liapis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Games University of Malta, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Games University of Malta, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78858577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.7204999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pessimism","display_name":"Pessimism","score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.3560999929904938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7204999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6304000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107257861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656316","display_name":"Coordination game","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3402942.3402943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.11388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11388","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.11388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11388","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1915195482","https://openalex.org/W1973194029","https://openalex.org/W2045531194","https://openalex.org/W2077755260","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2131600418","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2766259847","https://openalex.org/W2766774971","https://openalex.org/W2896010852","https://openalex.org/W2963186323","https://openalex.org/W2967349019","https://openalex.org/W2975367726","https://openalex.org/W2975413820"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"artificial":[1,54],"intelligence":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"applied":[5],"to":[6,22,39],"control":[7],"players\u2019":[8,59],"decisions":[9],"in":[10,70,111],"board":[11,33],"games":[12,23,113],"for":[13],"over":[14],"half":[15],"a":[16,78,120],"century,":[17],"little":[18],"attention":[19],"is":[20,29,126],"given":[21],"with":[24],"no":[25],"player":[26],"competition.":[27],"Pandemic":[28],"an":[30,53,84],"exemplar":[31],"collaborative":[32],"game":[34],"where":[35],"all":[36,58],"players":[37],"coordinate":[38],"overcome":[40],"challenges":[41],"posed":[42],"by":[43],"events":[44],"occurring":[45],"during":[46],"the":[47,87,91,96,102],"game\u2019s":[48,97],"progression.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"proposes":[52],"agent":[55,76],"which":[56],"controls":[57],"actions":[60],"and":[61,94,135],"balances":[62],"chances":[63],"of":[64,68,86,114,119,122],"winning":[65,107,134],"versus":[66],"risk":[67],"losing":[69],"this":[71],"highly":[72],"stochastic":[73],"environment.":[74],"The":[75,117],"applies":[77],"Rolling":[79],"Horizon":[80],"Evolutionary":[81],"Algorithm":[82],"on":[83],"abstraction":[85],"game-state":[88],"that":[89,101,132,138],"lowers":[90],"branching":[92],"factor":[93],"simulates":[95],"stochasticity.":[98],"Results":[99],"show":[100],"proposed":[103],"algorithm":[104],"can":[105],"find":[106],"strategies":[108,131,137],"more":[109],"consistently":[110],"different":[112],"varying":[115],"difficulty.":[116],"impact":[118],"number":[121],"state":[123],"evaluation":[124],"metrics":[125],"explored,":[127],"balancing":[128],"between":[129],"optimistic":[130],"favor":[133],"pessimistic":[136],"guard":[139],"against":[140],"losing.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2020-10-01T00:00:00"}