{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794465804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397478","title":"Complexity of Unordered CNF Games","display_name":"Complexity of Unordered CNF Games","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794465804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397478","mag":"2794465804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205019203","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","issn_l":"1942-3454","issn":["1942-3454","1942-3462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070360452","display_name":"Lutfar Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Lutfar Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis, Norriswood Ave, Memphis, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis, Norriswood Ave, Memphis, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004743191","display_name":"Thomas Watson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis, Norriswood Ave, Memphis, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis, Norriswood Ave, Memphis, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00374345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9431999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pspace","display_name":"PSPACE","score":0.7321490049362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.6070577502250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5472091436386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.47943586111068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42410358786582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.36977657675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.34433513879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3102138042449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1675359308719635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197685441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500716","display_name":"PSPACE","level":3,"score":0.7321490049362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.6070577502250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5472091436386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47943586111068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42410358786582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.36977657675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.34433513879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3102138042449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1675359308719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205019203","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","issn_l":"1942-3454","issn":["1942-3454","1942-3462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:9957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"InProceedings"},{"id":"doi:10.4230/lipics.isaac.2018.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.isaac.2018.9","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},{"id":"mag:2794465804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/eccc/eccc25.html#RahmanW18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2907131607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/isaac/isaac2018.html#Rahman018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420089","display_name":"International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:9957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"InProceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4921375307","display_name":"CRII: AF: Developing and Applying Connections Between Communication Complexity and Query Complexity","funder_award_id":"1657377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4781182","https://openalex.org/W1970539122","https://openalex.org/W2031823362","https://openalex.org/W2040439396","https://openalex.org/W2042714866","https://openalex.org/W2044544198","https://openalex.org/W2077313418","https://openalex.org/W2081063310","https://openalex.org/W2118382442","https://openalex.org/W2395382281","https://openalex.org/W2963136883","https://openalex.org/W3136803825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907131607","https://openalex.org/W2408366771","https://openalex.org/W2150967125","https://openalex.org/W2963843567","https://openalex.org/W2884420748","https://openalex.org/W1933346394","https://openalex.org/W2128906567","https://openalex.org/W3170308291","https://openalex.org/W2394551153","https://openalex.org/W2967795121","https://openalex.org/W3004454050","https://openalex.org/W2003644251","https://openalex.org/W3120847125","https://openalex.org/W1983171306","https://openalex.org/W2255523963","https://openalex.org/W2991838776","https://openalex.org/W328238571","https://openalex.org/W2785197224","https://openalex.org/W2397489288","https://openalex.org/W2995690566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"classic":[1],"TQBF":[2],"problem":[3,111,153],"is":[4,43,90,112,154],"to":[5,125,167],"determine":[6],"who":[7],"has":[8],"a":[9,13,17,37,73,77],"winning":[10],"strategy":[11],"in":[12,36,57,64,117,159],"game":[14,56],"played":[15,63],"on":[16],"given":[18,38],"conjunctive":[19],"normal":[20],"form":[21],"formula":[22],"(CNF),":[23],"where":[24,85],"the":[25,34,41,47,59,83,86,110,135,152],"two":[26,93],"players":[27],"alternate":[28],"turns":[29],"picking":[30,72],"truth":[31,78],"values":[32],"for":[33,80,114,119,128,156,161,170,179],"variables":[35,60,89,101],"order,":[39,66],"and":[40,67,76,95,116,158,173,177],"winner":[42],"determined":[44],"by":[45,145],"whether":[46],"CNF":[48],"gets":[49],"satisfied.":[50],"We":[51],"study":[52],"variants":[53],"of":[54,71,88],"this":[55],"which":[58],"may":[61,98],"be":[62,126,143,168],"any":[65],"each":[68,96,140],"turn":[69],"consists":[70],"remaining":[74],"variable":[75,141],"value":[79],"it.":[81],"For":[82,134],"version":[84,138],"set":[87],"partitioned":[91],"into":[92],"halves":[94],"player":[97],"only":[99],"pick":[100],"from":[102],"his":[103],"or":[104],"her":[105],"half,":[106],"we":[107,148],"prove":[108,150],"that":[109,151],"PSPACE-complete":[113,127,155,169,178],"5-CNFs":[115,157],"P":[118,160],"2-CNFs.":[120,162],"Previously,":[121,163],"it":[122,164],"was":[123,165],"known":[124,166],"unbounded-width":[129],"CNFs":[130],"(Schaefer,":[131,182],"STOC":[132,183],"1976).":[133,184],"general":[136],"unordered":[137],"(where":[139],"can":[142],"picked":[144],"either":[146],"player),":[147],"also":[149],"6-CNFs":[171],"(Ahlroth":[172],"Orponen,":[174],"MFCS":[175],"2012)":[176],"positive":[180],"11-CNFs":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}