{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3032955444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397474","title":"Testing Linearity against Non-signaling Strategies","display_name":"Testing Linearity against Non-signaling Strategies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3032955444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397474","mag":"3032955444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205019203","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","issn_l":"1942-3454","issn":["1942-3454","1942-3462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101591310","display_name":"Alessandro Chiesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Chiesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103039175","display_name":"Peter Manohar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-5073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Manohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028165107","display_name":"Igor Shinkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5013-6422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Shinkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05834673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.7665354013442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5425676703453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5311443209648132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.5108239650726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4567999541759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4533616006374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4446844160556793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.42567798495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4215571880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18114376068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15917757153511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12179219722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11941534280776978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.7665354013442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5425676703453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5311443209648132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.5108239650726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4567999541759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4533616006374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4446844160556793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42567798495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4215571880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18114376068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15917757153511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12179219722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11941534280776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205019203","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","issn_l":"1942-3454","issn":["1942-3454","1942-3462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193838169","https://openalex.org/W1510433903","https://openalex.org/W1596458129","https://openalex.org/W1891181203","https://openalex.org/W1963717362","https://openalex.org/W1966029915","https://openalex.org/W1970630090","https://openalex.org/W1986293140","https://openalex.org/W1995576583","https://openalex.org/W1997855358","https://openalex.org/W1998660432","https://openalex.org/W1999049747","https://openalex.org/W2003159902","https://openalex.org/W2009329166","https://openalex.org/W2014283062","https://openalex.org/W2018925011","https://openalex.org/W2019557606","https://openalex.org/W2019578639","https://openalex.org/W2021603421","https://openalex.org/W2022424731","https://openalex.org/W2027210702","https://openalex.org/W2032407110","https://openalex.org/W2040870895","https://openalex.org/W2041288774","https://openalex.org/W2049143039","https://openalex.org/W2053086236","https://openalex.org/W2078715027","https://openalex.org/W2082647621","https://openalex.org/W2082964968","https://openalex.org/W2086653003","https://openalex.org/W2108732680","https://openalex.org/W2119210589","https://openalex.org/W2127851424","https://openalex.org/W2136370860","https://openalex.org/W2144449223","https://openalex.org/W2148352980","https://openalex.org/W2148791594","https://openalex.org/W2151395725","https://openalex.org/W2155323993","https://openalex.org/W2195657359","https://openalex.org/W2218607027","https://openalex.org/W2293988196","https://openalex.org/W2610313478","https://openalex.org/W2741519875","https://openalex.org/W3004537778","https://openalex.org/W3015608514","https://openalex.org/W3102777411","https://openalex.org/W3103048972","https://openalex.org/W4256317935","https://openalex.org/W4287178654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034881304","https://openalex.org/W2055191027","https://openalex.org/W2061937439","https://openalex.org/W1971753667","https://openalex.org/W1997271576","https://openalex.org/W2052275678","https://openalex.org/W3196365536","https://openalex.org/W2799252312","https://openalex.org/W2086834121","https://openalex.org/W3032955444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-signaling":[0],"strategies":[1,22,170,189],"are":[2],"collections":[3],"of":[4,20,29,53,65,101,135,148,184],"distributions":[5,103,125],"with":[6,85],"certain":[7],"non-local":[8,144],"correlations.":[9],"They":[10],"have":[11,35],"been":[12],"studied":[13],"in":[14,38,132],"physics":[15],"as":[16,108,138],"a":[17,92,139,178],"strict":[18],"generalization":[19],"quantum":[21,136],"to":[23,43,45,91,141,158],"understand":[24],"the":[25,51,62,82,99,116,133,149,161,182],"power":[26],"and":[27,47,70,171],"limitations":[28],"nature\u2019s":[30],"apparent":[31],"non-locality.":[32],"Recently,":[33],"they":[34],"received":[36],"attention":[37],"theoretical":[39],"computer":[40],"science":[41],"due":[42],"connections":[44],"Complexity":[46],"Cryptography.":[48],"We":[49,74],"initiate":[50],"study":[52,134,183],"Property":[54,185],"Testing":[55,186],"against":[56,187],"non-signaling":[57,78,169,188],"strategies,":[58],"focusing":[59],"first":[60],"on":[61,153,181],"classical":[63],"problem":[64],"linearity":[66,83,150,191],"testing":[67],"(Blum,":[68],"Luby,":[69],"Rubinfeld;":[71],"JCSS":[72],"1993).":[73],"prove":[75],"that":[76,80,120],"any":[77],"strategy":[79],"passes":[81],"test":[84,151],"high":[86],"probability":[87,102],"must":[88],"be":[89],"close":[90],"quasi-distribution":[93],"over":[94,104],"linear":[95],"functions.":[96],"Quasi-distributions":[97,129],"generalize":[98],"notion":[100],"global":[105],"objects":[106],"(such":[107],"functions)":[109],"by":[110],"allowing":[111],"negative":[112],"probabilities,":[113],"while":[114],"at":[115],"same":[117],"time":[118],"requiring":[119],"\u201clocal":[121],"views\u201d":[122],"follow":[123],"standard":[124],"(with":[126],"non-negative":[127],"probabilities).":[128],"arise":[130],"naturally":[131],"mechanics":[137],"tool":[140],"describe":[142],"various":[143],"phenomena.":[145],"Our":[146],"analysis":[147],"relies":[152],"Fourier":[154],"analytic":[155],"techniques":[156],"applied":[157],"quasi-distributions.":[159],"Along":[160],"way,":[162],"we":[163,174],"also":[164],"establish":[165],"general":[166],"equivalences":[167],"between":[168],"quasi-distributions,":[172],"which":[173],"believe":[175],"will":[176],"provide":[177],"useful":[179],"perspective":[180],"beyond":[190],"testing.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
