{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041949805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397463","title":"STARS","display_name":"STARS","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041949805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397463","mag":"3041949805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397463","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3397463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3397463","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009556243","display_name":"Rui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-2441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College","Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066508292","display_name":"Runze Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runze Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College","Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061876852","display_name":"Andrea Pugliese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-958X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Pugliese","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038645035","display_name":"V. S. Subrahmanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. S. Subrahmanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009556243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I4210166639"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89146927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8467549085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.6359689831733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6261931657791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5594961643218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5140979886054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stars","display_name":"Stars","score":0.5112607479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4124767780303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3385079503059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23957011103630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14710313081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07675397396087646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8467549085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6359689831733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6261931657791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5594961643218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5140979886054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.5112607479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4124767780303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3385079503059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23957011103630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14710313081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07675397396087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397463","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3397463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397463","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3397463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041949805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041949805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964235853","https://openalex.org/W2028538363","https://openalex.org/W2040762770","https://openalex.org/W2064058256","https://openalex.org/W2068138600","https://openalex.org/W2101396617","https://openalex.org/W2101447063","https://openalex.org/W2121290223","https://openalex.org/W2126006587","https://openalex.org/W2212259974","https://openalex.org/W2240387730","https://openalex.org/W2250299341","https://openalex.org/W2286850974","https://openalex.org/W2348679751","https://openalex.org/W2407292501","https://openalex.org/W2415027247","https://openalex.org/W2549624130","https://openalex.org/W2611739737","https://openalex.org/W2738130394","https://openalex.org/W2962881240","https://openalex.org/W3124524575","https://openalex.org/W3124804010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331043530","https://openalex.org/W2372895414","https://openalex.org/W3125854234","https://openalex.org/W2362011720","https://openalex.org/W2253962881","https://openalex.org/W2116998925","https://openalex.org/W1657769681","https://openalex.org/W4200107337","https://openalex.org/W2376398693","https://openalex.org/W2350216306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Customers":[0],"of":[1,34,53,72,177,207],"virtually":[2],"all":[3],"online":[4],"marketplaces":[5,22],"rely":[6],"upon":[7],"reviews":[8,35,54,71,93,113,185],"in":[9,23,194],"order":[10],"to":[11,19,59,67,86,110,131],"select":[12],"the":[13,32,51,80,96,126,149,160,205,208,212],"product":[14,90,116,135],"or":[15],"service":[16],"they":[17],"wish":[18],"buy.":[20],"These":[21],"turn":[24],"deploy":[25],"review":[26,42,140,196],"fraud":[27,43,141,167,197],"detection":[28,44,168],"systems":[29,45],"so":[30],"that":[31,50,125,201],"integrity":[33],"is":[36,46],"preserved.":[37],"A":[38],"well-known":[39,139],"problem":[40],"with":[41],"their":[47,134],"underlying":[48],"assumption":[49,57],"majority":[52],"are":[55],"honest-this":[56],"leads":[58],"a":[60,73,83,115,165,174],"vulnerability":[61],"where":[62,82],"an":[63,108],"attacker":[64,109],"can":[65],"try":[66],"generate":[68],"many":[69],"fake":[70,92,112],"product.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"article,":[77],"we":[78,163],"consider":[79],"case":[81],"company":[84],"wishes":[85],"fraudulently":[87],"promote":[88,133],"its":[89],"through":[91],"and":[94,148,151,182],"propose":[95,164],"Sockpuppet-based":[97],"Targeted":[98],"Attack":[99],"on":[100,143],"Reviewing":[101],"Systems":[102],"(STARS":[103],"for":[104,114],"short).":[105],"STARS":[106,127,161,209],"enables":[107,129],"enter":[111],"from":[117],"multiple,":[118],"apparently":[119],"independent,":[120],"sockpuppet":[121],"accounts.":[122],"We":[123,199],"show":[124,200],"attack":[128,210],"companies":[130],"successfully":[132],"against":[136,159],"seven":[137],"recent,":[138],"detectors":[142],"four":[144,213],"datasets":[145,214],"(Amazon,":[146],"Epinions,":[147],"BitcoinAlpha":[150],"OTC":[152],"exchanges)":[153],"by":[154,187],"significant":[155],"margins.":[156],"To":[157],"protect":[158],"attack,":[162],"new":[166,175],"algorithm":[169],"called":[170],"RTV.":[171],"RTV":[172,202],"introduces":[173],"class":[176],"users":[178,189],"(called":[179],"trusted":[180],"users)":[181],"also":[183],"considers":[184],"left":[186],"verified":[188],"which":[190],"were":[191],"not":[192],"considered":[193],"existing":[195],"detectors.":[198],"significantly":[203],"mitigates":[204],"impact":[206],"across":[211],"listed":[215],"above.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}