{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035264853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401230","title":"Using Exploration to Alleviate Closed Loop Effects in Recommender Systems","display_name":"Using Exploration to Alleviate Closed Loop Effects in Recommender Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035264853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401230","mag":"3035264853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397271.3401230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/215383/1/215383.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057317300","display_name":"Amir H. Jadidinejad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir H. Jadidinejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057643560","display_name":"Craig Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079046603","display_name":"Iadh Ounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iadh Ounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057317300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2255,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90603865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2025","last_page":"2028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.8966776728630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8143761157989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-loop","display_name":"Feedback loop","score":0.7835574150085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.6715984344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop","display_name":"Closed loop","score":0.6020805239677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","score":0.571744441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-controller","display_name":"Open-loop controller","score":0.4236529469490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37329334020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34590280055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32898402214050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3247109651565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16790571808815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.0840846598148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06713506579399109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.8966776728630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8143761157989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186886427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441213","display_name":"Feedback loop","level":2,"score":0.7835574150085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6715984344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.6020805239677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.571744441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161362739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301555","display_name":"Open-loop controller","level":3,"score":0.4236529469490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37329334020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34590280055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32898402214050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3247109651565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16790571808815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0840846598148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06713506579399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3397271.3401230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:215383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/48834.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/215383/1/215383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:215383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/48834.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/215383/1/215383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989121949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R018634/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8352026019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R018634/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035264853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035264853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763790326","https://openalex.org/W1968598835","https://openalex.org/W2050125880","https://openalex.org/W2138909795","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2340526403","https://openalex.org/W2507134384","https://openalex.org/W2765564115","https://openalex.org/W2782866613","https://openalex.org/W2892888989","https://openalex.org/W2893318239","https://openalex.org/W2893370267","https://openalex.org/W2952613481","https://openalex.org/W2972862932","https://openalex.org/W3106000504","https://openalex.org/W4238538572","https://openalex.org/W6606298547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213045373","https://openalex.org/W4288099294","https://openalex.org/W3088120614","https://openalex.org/W3089214483","https://openalex.org/W4386728952","https://openalex.org/W3091793048","https://openalex.org/W4306697907","https://openalex.org/W2103982267","https://openalex.org/W2146573423","https://openalex.org/W2175517473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recommendation":[0],"systems":[1,26,73],"are":[2,150],"often":[3],"trained":[4,181],"and":[5,31,34,101,114,175,203,206],"evaluated":[6],"based":[7,182],"on":[8,183],"users'":[9,128],"interactions":[10],"obtained":[11,77],"through":[12],"the":[13,23,47,59,64,97,104,112,127,132,172,184,190,197],"use":[14,141],"of":[15,40,106,117,126,142,192,199],"an":[16,159],"existing,":[17],"already":[18],"deployed,":[19],"recommendation":[20,25,118],"system.":[21],"Hence":[22],"deployed":[24,65,173],"will":[27,36],"recommend":[28],"some":[29],"items":[30,35,61,149],"not":[32],"others,":[33],"have":[37],"varying":[38],"levels":[39],"exposure":[41],"to":[42,122,152],"users.":[43],"As":[44],"a":[45,79,83,87,123,168,176],"result,":[46],"collected":[48],"feedback":[49,84,100,109,202],"dataset":[50,163],"(including":[51],"most":[52],"public":[53],"datasets)":[54],"can":[55,195],"be":[56],"skewed":[57],"towards":[58],"particular":[60],"favored":[62],"by":[63],"model.":[66],"In":[67,91],"this":[68,92],"manner,":[69],"training":[70,113],"new":[71,177,205],"recommender":[72],"from":[74,78,131],"interaction":[75],"data":[76],"previous":[80],"model":[81,174,178],"creates":[82],"loop,":[85],"i.e.":[86],"closed":[88,98,107,185,200],"loop":[89,99,108,144,161,186,201],"feedback.":[90,155,187],"paper,":[93],"we":[94,139,194],"first":[95],"introduce":[96],"then":[102],"investigate":[103],"effect":[105,198],"in":[110,120],"both":[111],"offline":[115],"evaluation":[116],"models,":[119],"contrast":[121],"further":[124],"exploration":[125,193],"preferences":[129],"(obtained":[130],"randomly":[133,147],"presented":[134,151],"items).":[135],"To":[136],"achieve":[137],"this,":[138],"make":[140],"open":[143,160],"datasets,":[145],"where":[146],"selected":[148],"users":[153],"for":[154],"Our":[156],"experiments":[157],"using":[158],"Yahoo!":[162],"reveal":[164],"that":[165,179],"there":[166],"is":[167,180],"strong":[169],"correlation":[170],"between":[171],"Moreover,":[188],"with":[189],"aid":[191],"decrease":[196],"obtain":[204],"better":[207],"generalizable":[208],"models.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
