{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128389908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431519","title":"A Self-Test Framework for Detecting Fault-induced Accuracy Drop in Neural Network Accelerators","display_name":"A Self-Test Framework for Detecting Fault-induced Accuracy Drop in Neural Network Accelerators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128389908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431519","mag":"3128389908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394885.3431519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431519","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394885.3431519","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394885.3431519","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052839989","display_name":"Fanruo Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2876-2798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fanruo Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069422613","display_name":"Fateme S. Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-3908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fateme S. Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016268650","display_name":"Chengmo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0978-1504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengmo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052839989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76730467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"722","last_page":"727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7306880950927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.644278883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5621368288993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.5338360667228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5247849822044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.523885190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.49762776494026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4320313334465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4306434690952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4185212254524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36264359951019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2900935411453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.21640488505363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15417563915252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.09356105327606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08904117345809937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7306880950927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.644278883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5621368288993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.5338360667228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5247849822044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.523885190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.49762776494026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4320313334465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4306434690952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4185212254524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36264359951019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2900935411453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.21640488505363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15417563915252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.09356105327606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08904117345809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394885.3431519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431519","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394885.3431519","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394885.3431519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431519","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394885.3431519","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6197649439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1909854","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7746399254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2964.001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128389908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128389908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971319818","https://openalex.org/W2008781847","https://openalex.org/W2013028205","https://openalex.org/W2017521824","https://openalex.org/W2022208730","https://openalex.org/W2091777687","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2114924497","https://openalex.org/W2369514888","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2612375349","https://openalex.org/W2625840880","https://openalex.org/W2626719825","https://openalex.org/W2702682102","https://openalex.org/W2765234579","https://openalex.org/W2771112233","https://openalex.org/W2964923388","https://openalex.org/W3006150812","https://openalex.org/W3034665124","https://openalex.org/W3091984031","https://openalex.org/W3099743262","https://openalex.org/W3102908045","https://openalex.org/W3157480184","https://openalex.org/W4288337628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W3192832106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"accelerators":[1,32],"built":[2],"with":[3,84],"SRAM":[4],"or":[5],"emerging":[6],"memory":[7,61],"devices":[8],"are":[9,49],"essential":[10],"to":[11,110],"the":[12,15,28,36,59,79,82,93,104,112,118,124,127,130,142],"accommodation":[13],"of":[14,30,46,53,81,88,101,120,129,145],"ever-increasing":[16],"Deep":[17],"Neural":[18],"Network":[19],"(DNN)":[20],"workloads":[21],"on":[22,58],"resource-constrained":[23],"devices.":[24],"After":[25],"deployment,":[26],"however,":[27],"performance":[29],"these":[31],"is":[33],"threatened":[34],"by":[35,122],"faults":[37,54,121],"in":[38,126],"their":[39],"on-chip":[40],"and":[41,116,149,154,162],"off-chip":[42],"memories":[43],"where":[44],"millions":[45],"DNN":[47,147],"weights":[48],"held.":[50],"Different":[51],"types":[52],"may":[55],"exist":[56],"depending":[57],"underlying":[60],"technology,":[62],"degrading":[63],"inference":[64],"accuracy.":[65],"To":[66],"tackle":[67],"this":[68,70],"challenge,":[69],"paper":[71],"proposes":[72],"an":[73],"online":[74],"self-test":[75],"framework":[76,105],"that":[77,136],"monitors":[78],"accuracy":[80,102],"accelerator":[83,148],"a":[85,98,146],"small":[86],"set":[87],"test":[89,94,108,131],"images":[90,109],"selected":[91],"from":[92],"dataset.":[95],"Upon":[96],"detecting":[97],"noticeable":[99],"level":[100],"drop,":[103],"uses":[106],"additional":[107],"identify":[111],"corresponding":[113],"fault":[114,143,152,155],"type":[115,153],"predict":[117],"severeness":[119,156],"analyzing":[123],"change":[125],"ranking":[128],"images.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"our":[137],"method":[138],"can":[139],"quickly":[140],"detect":[141],"status":[144],"provide":[150],"accurate":[151],"information,":[157],"allowing":[158],"for":[159],"subsequent":[160],"recovery":[161],"self-healing":[163],"process.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
