{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081500107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403181","title":"The NodeHopper: Enabling Low Latency Ranking with Constraints via a Fast Dual Solver","display_name":"The NodeHopper: Enabling Low Latency Ranking with Constraints via a Fast Dual Solver","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081500107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403181","mag":"3081500107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394486.3403181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403181","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394486.3403181","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394486.3403181","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009345707","display_name":"Anton Zhernov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anton Zhernov","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050954769","display_name":"Krishnamurthy Dvijotham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-4677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048002983","display_name":"Ivan Lobov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Lobov","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046296629","display_name":"Dan A. Calian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-5670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan A. Calian","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056404361","display_name":"Michelle N. Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-5384"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009719789","display_name":"Natarajan Chandrashekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natarajan Chandrashekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006380946","display_name":"Timothy Mann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009345707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2782,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65926485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1285","last_page":"1294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.8760058879852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8189384937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7885478734970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7704541683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6922001838684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6770281195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5265517234802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5216293931007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.45299410820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4470606744289398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4308623671531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1873428225517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18500250577926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1057538390159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07881984114646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07256188988685608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.8760058879852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8189384937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7885478734970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7704541683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6922001838684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6770281195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5265517234802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5216293931007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.45299410820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4470606744289398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4308623671531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1873428225517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18500250577926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1057538390159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07881984114646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07256188988685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394486.3403181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403181","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394486.3403181","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394486.3403181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403181","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394486.3403181","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081500107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081500107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1072529691","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1992549066","https://openalex.org/W2023599408","https://openalex.org/W2063438171","https://openalex.org/W2069849438","https://openalex.org/W2089666999","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2204863336","https://openalex.org/W2270783633","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2545577367","https://openalex.org/W2598850438","https://openalex.org/W2787991113","https://openalex.org/W2951968269","https://openalex.org/W2963919086","https://openalex.org/W3102518922","https://openalex.org/W3104475013","https://openalex.org/W4231610975","https://openalex.org/W4300482433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883883483","https://openalex.org/W4312347104","https://openalex.org/W1590991404","https://openalex.org/W3081500107","https://openalex.org/W2128417237","https://openalex.org/W2519931003","https://openalex.org/W2901771991","https://openalex.org/W2298102683","https://openalex.org/W1508315017","https://openalex.org/W2385763152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"recommender":[1],"systems":[2,73],"need":[3],"to":[4,22,35,40,66,91,110],"deal":[5],"with":[6,13],"multiple":[7],"objectives":[8],"like":[9],"balancing":[10],"user":[11],"engagement":[12],"recommending":[14],"diverse":[15],"and":[16,103,117],"fresh":[17],"content.":[18],"An":[19],"appealing":[20],"way":[21],"optimally":[23],"trade":[24],"these":[25],"off":[26],"is":[27,108],"by":[28],"imposing":[29],"constraints":[30,71],"on":[31,115],"the":[32,68,84,87],"ranking":[33,48,113],"according":[34],"which":[36],"items":[37],"are":[38,64],"presented":[39],"a":[41,46,56,93],"user.":[42],"This":[43],"results":[44],"in":[45,72],"constrained":[47,112],"optimization":[49,89],"problem":[50,90],"that":[51,74,106],"can":[52],"be":[53],"solved":[54],"as":[55],"linear":[57],"program":[58],"(LP).":[59],"However,":[60],"off-the-shelf":[61,127],"LP":[62],"solvers":[63],"unable":[65],"meet":[67],"severe":[69,134],"latency":[70,135],"serve":[75],"live":[76],"traffic.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79],"this":[80],"challenge,":[81],"we":[82],"exploit":[83],"structure":[85],"of":[86,100,123],"dual":[88],"develop":[92],"fast":[94],"solver.":[95],"We":[96],"analyze":[97],"theoretical":[98],"properties":[99],"our":[101],"solver":[102],"show":[104],"experimentally":[105],"it":[107],"able":[109],"solve":[111],"problems":[114],"synthetic":[116],"real-world":[118],"recommendation":[119],"datasets":[120],"an":[121],"order":[122],"magnitude":[124],"faster":[125],"than":[126],"solvers,":[128],"thereby":[129],"enabling":[130],"their":[131],"deployment":[132],"under":[133],"constraints.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T06:08:40.794217","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}