{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024950738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394231.3397902","title":"Measuring and Characterizing Hate Speech on News\u00a0Websites","display_name":"Measuring and Characterizing Hate Speech on News\u00a0Websites","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024950738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394231.3397902","mag":"3024950738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394231.3397902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394231.3397902","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394231.3397902","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394231.3397902","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007187227","display_name":"Savvas Zannettou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-1404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Savvas Zannettou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute, Germany","Max-Planck-Society"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069041669","display_name":"Mai ElSherief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-5201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Elsherief","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, USA","#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041600302","display_name":"Elizabeth Belding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Belding","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, USA","University of California Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076332929","display_name":"Shirin Nilizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-3742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirin Nilizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, USA","University of Texas at Arlington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046881273","display_name":"Gianluca Stringhini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6162-578X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185658715","display_name":"Universities UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmfs450","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185658715"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Stringhini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, United Kingdom","Boston Univ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185658715"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Univ","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007187227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4951,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86232876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"125","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5695477724075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-system","display_name":"Presidential system","score":0.5204408764839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis","display_name":"Content analysis","score":0.5155353546142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4590661823749542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4401456415653229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.41967421770095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.33179473876953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2983282804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.131321519613266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.12952512502670288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5695477724075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5204408764839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.5155353546142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4590661823749542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4401456415653229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.41967421770095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33179473876953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2983282804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.131321519613266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12952512502670288}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394231.3397902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394231.3397902","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394231.3397902","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open.bu.edu:2144/41946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402384","display_name":"OpenBU (Boston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","host_organization_name":"Boston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.07926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.07926","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07926","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3270207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-87AF-C","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WebSci '20","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.07926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.07926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3024950738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3394231.3397902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394231.3397902","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3394231.3397902","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2240667679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1942610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","funder_display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4772592055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1942610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6650699768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1942610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024950738.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024950738.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W80056832","https://openalex.org/W573798838","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1975684011","https://openalex.org/W1989772081","https://openalex.org/W2001770904","https://openalex.org/W2002336791","https://openalex.org/W2003125370","https://openalex.org/W2007615488","https://openalex.org/W2014638150","https://openalex.org/W2016325342","https://openalex.org/W2025544718","https://openalex.org/W2058525397","https://openalex.org/W2076727499","https://openalex.org/W2083488250","https://openalex.org/W2098867638","https://openalex.org/W2101196063","https://openalex.org/W2132041136","https://openalex.org/W2134742119","https://openalex.org/W2160550997","https://openalex.org/W2166354974","https://openalex.org/W2170618843","https://openalex.org/W2303217074","https://openalex.org/W2332309372","https://openalex.org/W2404242701","https://openalex.org/W2469184561","https://openalex.org/W2510398520","https://openalex.org/W2515706896","https://openalex.org/W2594902547","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2604821579","https://openalex.org/W2610483642","https://openalex.org/W2617906157","https://openalex.org/W2729412353","https://openalex.org/W2740263854","https://openalex.org/W2741065173","https://openalex.org/W2757202410","https://openalex.org/W2774215862","https://openalex.org/W2786634640","https://openalex.org/W2791200426","https://openalex.org/W2791209447","https://openalex.org/W2796646590","https://openalex.org/W2796881724","https://openalex.org/W2806983856","https://openalex.org/W2915177913","https://openalex.org/W2962855291","https://openalex.org/W2963015912","https://openalex.org/W2963205619","https://openalex.org/W2963336390","https://openalex.org/W2963464664","https://openalex.org/W2963532322","https://openalex.org/W2963535540","https://openalex.org/W2963554862","https://openalex.org/W2963793818","https://openalex.org/W2964222326","https://openalex.org/W2989223447","https://openalex.org/W3002330681","https://openalex.org/W3037528277","https://openalex.org/W3037924069","https://openalex.org/W3099496672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038114639","https://openalex.org/W86796073","https://openalex.org/W2770465692","https://openalex.org/W2951676485","https://openalex.org/W3049367367","https://openalex.org/W2776521384","https://openalex.org/W3214172277","https://openalex.org/W2999019264","https://openalex.org/W2884151224","https://openalex.org/W3183520899","https://openalex.org/W2520570454","https://openalex.org/W2789362730","https://openalex.org/W2899066945","https://openalex.org/W2998417765","https://openalex.org/W1942718590","https://openalex.org/W3159317984","https://openalex.org/W3135127032","https://openalex.org/W3130739843","https://openalex.org/W2794731118","https://openalex.org/W2208482051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61],"Web":[1],"has":[2,16],"become":[3,17],"the":[4,11,43,50,53,77,84],"main":[5],"source":[6],"for":[7,52],"news":[8,14,25,29,88],"acquisition.":[9],"At":[10],"same":[12],"time,":[13],"discussion":[15],"more":[18],"social:":[19],"users":[20],"can":[21],"post":[22],"comments":[23],"on":[24,31,68,83,87],"articles":[26,30],"or":[27],"discuss":[28],"other":[32],"platforms":[33],"like":[34],"Reddit.":[35],"These":[36],"features":[37],"empower":[38],"and":[39,58,76],"enable":[40],"discussions":[41],"among":[42],"users;":[44],"however,":[45],"they":[46],"also":[47],"act":[48],"as":[49],"medium":[51],"dissemination":[54],"of":[55,71,80],"toxic":[56],"discourse":[57,75],"hate":[59],"speech.":[60],"research":[62],"community":[63],"lacks":[64],"a":[65],"general":[66],"understanding":[67],"what":[69],"type":[70],"content":[72],"attracts":[73],"hateful":[74],"possible":[78],"effects":[79],"social":[81],"networks":[82],"commenting":[85],"activity":[86],"articles.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
